Figure 1.

REM Sleep Deprivation Impairs the Control of Malaria Infection by Reducing Parasite-Specific Antibody Titers

(A) Experimental setup (see also Figure S1). Mice were submitted to REM sleep deprivation (RSD) 3 days after infection with Plasmodium yoelii, while the control group (Ctrl) was kept under regular sleep conditions.

(B) Parasitemia in Ctrl and RSD mice. Data are from three independent experiments with at least five mice in each group. Mean ± SEM (∗∗p < 0.01) by two-way ANOVA.

(C) Mice survival in Ctrl and RSD groups. Data are from three independent experiments with at least five mice in each group. Mean ± SEM (∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001) by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.

(D) Anti-P. yoelii IgG serum titers in Ctrl and RSD mice at day nine post infection. Data are from six independent experiments with at least five mice in each group. Mean ± SEM (∗p < 0.05) by two-tailed unpaired t test.

(E) Correlation between parasitemia and anti-P. yoelii IgG titers. Data are from three independent experiments with at least five mice in each group.

(F) Six days after infection, RSD mice were transferred with purified IgGs obtained from control or P. yoelii-infected HS animals. Three days later, parasitemia levels were evaluated. Data are from two independent experiments with ten mice in each group. Mean ± SEM (∗∗∗p < 0.001) by one-way ANOVA.

(G) Mice survival after passive immunization with purified IgG from control or P. yoelii-infected animals. Data are from two independent experiments with ten mice in each group. Mean ± SEM (∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001) by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.