Table 1.
Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients.
| Discovery cohort | Validation cohort | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | (n = 718) | (n = 272) | |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, yrs | 59 (53–66) | 60 (53–65) | 0.376 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23 (20.9–24.9) | 23 (21.3–25.2) | 0.088 |
| Sex, male | 300 (41.8) | 128 (47.1) | 0.154 |
| Diabetes mellitus, yes | 172 (24.0) | 83 (30.5) | 0.043 |
| Jaundice, yes | 351 (48.9) | 124 (45.6) | 0.392 |
| Smoking, yes | 333 (46.4) | 127 (46.7) | 0.987 |
| Excessive drinking | 264 (36.8) | 103 (37.9) | 0.806 |
| ASA-PS, 0/1/2/3 | 108/481/115/14 | 35/172/54/11 | 0.103 |
| CT predictors | |||
| Thickness, mm | 22.8 (19.1–26.4) | 21.9 (17.4–27.4) | 0.526 |
| Width, mm | 20.5 (16.6–24.8) | 21.3 (16.6–25.9) | 0.122 |
| Stump area, cm2 | 3.5 (2.2–4.9) | 3.4 (1.9–5.1) | 0.728 |
| MPD, mm | 4.0 (2.1–6.2) | 4.2 (2.2–6.2) | 0.909 |
| RPV, cm3 | 22.3 (12.7–36.1) | 22.9 (11.9–34.6) | 0.749 |
| Surface, cm2 | 6.3 (4.0- 9.0) | 6.1 (3.6–8.5) | 0.334 |
| Sa/V ratio | 0.289 (0.247–0.308) | 0.274 (0.242–0.311) | 0.196 |
| Attenuation, HU | 72 (57–91) | 70 (56–92) | 0.222 |
| VFA, cm2 | 84 (55–111) | 81 (47–94) | 0.322 |
| Inflammation, 0/1/2/3 | 442/178/96/2 | 140/80/50/2 | 0.024 |
| Fatty change, 0/1/2/3 | 192/336/186/4 | 69/144/56/3 | 0.188 |
| Atrophy, 0/1/2/3 | 200/260/220/38 | 100/98/60/14 | 0.012 |
| Operative factors | |||
| Reconstruction, PJ | 590 (82.2) | 210 (77.2) | 0.076 |
| Anastomosis, duct-to-mucosa | 495 (83.9) | 169 (80.4) | 0.257 |
| Operative time, min | 488 (448–526) | 494 (462–534) | 0.030 |
| Transanastomotic stent, yes | 324 (45.1) | 143 (52.6) | 0.042 |
| Octreotide, yes | 369 (51.4) | 148 (54.4) | 0.437 |
| FRS or a-FRS evaluations | |||
| FRS | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.260 |
| Gland texture, soft | 280 (39) | 113 (41.5) | 0.510 |
| MPD, mm, ≥5/4/3/2/≤1 | 306/96/106/156/54 | 105/46/38/68/15 | 0.325 |
| Etiology, PDAC or CP | 419 (58.4) | 148 (54.4) | 0.295 |
| Blood loss, ml ≤400, 401–700, 701–1000, >1000 |
471/213/30/4 | 190/71/7/4 | 0.187 |
| CR-POPF, yes | 112 (15.6) | 36 (13.2) | 0.406 |
Data expressed as n (%) or median (IQR), unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations:IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, ASA-PS; MPD, main pancreatic duct; RPV, remnant pancreatic volume; Sa/V ratio, surface area-to-volume ratio; reconstruction, pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) vs pancreaticogastrostomy (PG); anastomosis, duct-to-mucosa vs end-to-side; FRS, Fistula Risk Score; a-FRS, alternative FRS; VFA, visceral fat area; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; CP, chronic pancreatitis; CR-POPF, clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.