Table 1.

Layers cast for multiple spatial organizations of protein within GelMA constructs. 100% protein indicates 100% of highest concentration of protein used. 75% Protein A indicates that the hydrogel precursor has a concentration of protein that is 75% of the highest concentration used. For example, fabrication of the single gradient of BMP4 would have layers with protein concentration: layer 1: 200 ng ml⁻¹, layer 2: 150 ng ml⁻¹, layer 3: 100 ng ml⁻¹, layer 4: 50 ng ml⁻¹, layer 5: 0 ng ml⁻¹.

Organization	Layer 1	Layer 2	Layer 3	Layer 4	Layer 5
Distinct phases	100% protein A	100% protein B	—	—	—
Single gradient	100% protein A	75% protein A	50% protein A	25% protein A	0% protein A
Inverse gradient	100% protein A	75% protein A	50% protein A	25% protein A	0% protein A
	0% protein B	25% protein B	50% protein B	75% protein B	100% protein B