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. 2020 Nov 7;18:160. doi: 10.1186/s12951-020-00723-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — W20/XD4-SPIONs reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brains of AD mice. GFAP immunostaining (a) and Iba-1 immunostaining (b) in the brains of AD mice treated with various SPIONs. Scale bar 250 μm. Quantification of GFAP (c) and Iba-1 (d) immunostaining. The levels of IL-1β (e), IL-6 (f), and TNF-α (g) in the brain lysates of AD mice and their WT littermates treated with various SPIONs were determined using corresponding ELISA kits. The levels of GSH (h), GSSG (i), GSH/GSSG ratio (j) and ROS (k) in the brain lysates of AD mice and their WT littermates treated with various SPIONs were determined using corresponding commercial kits. n = 8 mice/group. Data represent means ± SEM and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001