Table 3.
Correlations of scores of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers
| Variable | Resting pain | Pain intensity with activity | Night pain | PPT | Pain duration | PF | RP | RE | EF | EW | SF | P | GH | PH | MH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With clinical findings and quality of life in patient (case) groupa | |||||||||||||||
| hs-CRP | r = 0.349 (0.171–527) | r = 0.259 (−0.067–0.451) | r = 0.285 (0.089–0.481) | r = 0.269 (−0.070–0.468) | r = 0.283 (0.121–0.445) | r = −0.265 (−0.540–0.010) | r = −0.081 (−0.377–0.215) | r = −0.313 (−0.554–0.072) | r = −0.379 (−0.661–0.097) | r = −0.390 (−0.720–0.060) | r = −0.381 (−0.733–0.029) | r = −0.324 (−0.644–0.04) | r = −0.083 (−0.396–0.230) | r = −0.190 (−0.496–0.116) | r = −0.524 (−0.776–0.272) |
| p = 0.001 | p = 0.049 | p = 0.043 | p = 0.047 | p = 0.007 | p = 0.079 | p = 0.596 | p = 0.036 | p = 0.010 | p = 0.008 | p = 0.010 | p = 0.030 | p = 0.589 | p = 0.212 | p = 0.001 | |
| TAC | r = −0.312 (−0.609–0.015) | r = −0.116 (−0.422–0.190) | r = −0.253 (−0.551–0.045) | r = −0.041 (−0.348–0.266) | r = 0.180 (−0.122–0.482) | r = 0.410 (0.130–0.690) | r = 0.615 (0.373–0.857) | r = 0.123 (−0.182–0.428) | r = −0.012 (−0.319–0.295) | r = −0.104 (−0.410–0.202) | r = 0.253 (−0.044–0.551) | r = 0.228 (−0.072–0.527) | r = 0.415 (0.135–0.695) | r = 0.359 (0.072–0.646) | r = 0.119 (−0.186–0.424) |
| p = 0.037 | p = 0.447 | p = 0.093 | p = 0.789 | p = 0.236 | p = 0.005 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.421 | p = 0.939 | p = 0.497 | p = 0.093 | p = 0.132 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.016 | p = 0.436 | |
| MDA | r = 0.241 (−0.043–0.525) | r = 0.287 (−0.008–0.581) | r = 0.082 (−0.224–0.389) | r = 0.234 (−0.064–0.533) | r = 0.259 (−0.038–0.556) | r = 0.150 (−0.154–0.454) | r = 0.123 (−0.182–0.428) | r = 0.041 (−0.266–0.348) | r = 0.028 (−0.280–0.335) | r = 0.033 (−0.274–0.340) | r = 0.085 (−0.222–0.391) | r = 0.271 (−0.025–0.567) | r = 0.008 (−0.300–0.315) | r = 0.161 (−0.143–0.465) | r = 0.048 (−0.260–0.355) |
| p = 0.110 | p = 0.056 | p = 0.592 | p = 0.121 | p = 0.086 | p = 0.325 | p = 0.421 | p = 0.790 | p = 0.856 | p = 0.829 | p = 0.580 | p = 0.072 | p = 0.959 | p = 0.291 | p = 0.756 | |
| SOD | r = −0.184 (−0.457–0.089) | r = −0.076 (−0.383–0.230) | r = −0.101 (−0.407–0.205) | r = −0.029 (−0.336–0.279) | r = 0.277 (−0.072–0.626) | r = 0.077 (−0.229–0.384) | r = 0.029 (−0.279–0.336) | r = 0.124 (−0.181–0.429) | r = 0.120 (−0.186–0.425) | r = −0.114 (−0.420–0.191) | r = −0.033 (−0.340–0.275) | r = 0.133 (−0.172–0.438) | r = 0.057 (−0.250–0.364) | r = 0.077 (−0.229–0.384) | r = 0.057 (−0.250–0.364) |
| p = 0.225 | p = 0.618 | p = 0.507 | p = 0.851 | p = 0.133 | p = 0.614 | p = 0.852 | p = 0.416 | p = 0.433 | p = 0.455 | p = 0.831 | p = 0.383 | p = 0.709 | p = 0.614 | p = 0.709 | |
| PLA2 | r = 0.263 (−0.020–0.546) | r = 0.131 (−0.165–0.427) | r = 0.140 (−0.131–0.411) | r = 0.025 (−0.238–0.288) | r = −0.074 (−0.373–0.225) | r = −0.137 (−0.474–0.200) | r = −0.383 (−0.604–0.162) | r = −0.314 (−0.544–0.084) | r = −0.140 (−0.453–0.173) | r = −0.152 (−0.436–0.132) | r = −0.086 (−0.384–0.212) | r = −0.328 (−0.560–0.096) | r = −0.233 (−0.498–0.032) | r = −0.310 (−0.488–0.132) | r = −0.210 (−0.587–0.167) |
| p = 0.071 | p = 0.393 | p = 0.360 | p = 0.869 | p = 0.361 | p = 0.369 | p = 0.009 | p = 0.035 | p = 0.357 | p = 0.319 | p = 0.576 | p = 0.028 | p = 0.124 | p = 0.038 | p = 0.165 | |
| With quality of life in control (healthy) groupa | |||||||||||||||
| hs-CRP | – | – | – | – | – | r = −0.178 (−0.470–0.123) | r = −0.108 (−0.399–0.182) | r = −0.265 (−0.559–0.030) | r = 0.001 (−0.305–0.307) | r = −0.423 (−0.700–0.147) | r = −0.203 (−0.502–0.096) | r = −0.295 (−0.600–0.123) | r = −0.071 (−0.399–0.257) | r = −0.222 (−0.515–0.071) | r = −0.351 (−0.637–0.065) |
| p = 0.079 | p = 0.094 | p = 0.077 | p = 0.994 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.178 | p = 0.058 | p = 0.240 | p = 0.104 | p = 0.017 | ||||||
| TAC | – | – | – | – | – | r = 0.329 (0.038–0.619) | r = 0.615 (0.372–0.857) | r = 0.444 (0.169–0.720) | r = 0.246 (−0.052–0.544) | r = 0.225 (−0.074–0.525) | r = 0.450 (0.175–0.724) | r = 0.489 (0.221–0.757) | r = 0.618 (0.377–0.860) | r = 0.667 (0.438–0.896) | r = 0.577 (0.326–0.828) |
| p = 0.027 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.103 | p = 0.137 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
| MDA | – | – | – | – | – | r = −0.296 (−0.590–0.003) | r = −0.637 (−0.874–−0.399) | r = −0.314 (−0.606–0.022) | r = −0.280 (−0.575–0.016) | r = −0.510 (−0.775–−0.245) | r = −0.291 (−0.585–0.004) | r = −0.553 (−0.810–−0.297) | r = −0.642 (−0.878–−0.406) | r = −0.697 (−0.918–−0.477) | r = −0.523 (−0.785–−0.261) |
| p = 0.048 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.036 | p = 0.063 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.053 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
| SOD | – | – | – | – | – | r = 0.376 (0.091–0.661) | r = 0.681 (0.456–0.906) | r = 0.407 (0.126–0.688) | r = 0.208 (−0.093–0.508) | r = 0.261 (−0.036–0.558) | r = 0.080 (−0.195–0.355) | r = 0.129 (−0.170–0.429) | r = 0.557 (0.326–0.828) | r = 0.716 (0.501–0.930) | r = 0.546 (0.288–0.803) |
| p = 0.011 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.171 | p = 0.084 | p = 0.315 | p = 0.208 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
| PLA2 | – | – | – | – | – | r = −0.328 (−0.619–0.037) | r = −0.381 (−0.665–0.097) | r = −0.290 (−0.584–0.004) | r = −0.203 (−0.504–0.098) | r = −0.339 (−0.928–0.050) | r = −0.548 (−0.805–0.290) | r = −0.424 (−0.702–0.145) | r = −0.412 (−0.692–0.131) | r = −0.486 (−0.754–0.217) | r = −0.532 (−0.793–0.272) |
| p = 0.028 | p = 0.010 | p = 0.053 | p = 0.181 | p = 0.023 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||||||
Unadjusted linear regression was used. Values of p < 0.05 are considered as statistically significant
PPT pressure pain threshold, hs-CRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, MDA malondialdehyde, PLA2 phospholipase A2, SOD superoxide dismutase, TAC total antioxidant capacity, EF energy/fatigue, EW emotional wellbeing, GH general health, MH mMental health, P pain, PF physical function, PH physical health, RE role limitation due to emotional problems, RP role limitation due to physical health, SF social function