. 2020 Nov 7;759:143493. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143493

Table 1.

Experimental characteristics of studies on detection of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic wastewater.

Study	Location	Sample source	Volume used (mL)	Removal of large debris and suspended solids	Concentration method		Detection rate^a	qPCR assay
(Medema et al., 2020b)	The Netherlands	WWTP Influent	100–200	Centrifugation	Ultrafiltration: Centricon® Plus-70		14/18	CDC N1, N2, N3, E_Sarbeco
(F. Wu et al., 2020)	Boston, MA, USA	WWTP Influent	40	Filtration	Precipitation-flocculation: PEG 8000 + NaCl + 0.22 μm Filter		10/10	CDC N1, N2, N3
(Wurtzer et al., 2020b)	Paris, France	WWTP Influent	11	None	Ultracentrifugation		18/18	E_Sarbeco
(Wurtzer et al., 2020b)	Paris, France	WWTP Treated	11	None	Ultracentrifugation		6/8	E_Sarbeco
(Ahmed et al., 2020a)	Brisbane, Australia	WWTP Influent	100–200	None	Electronegative membrane filtration^b		1/8	N_Sarbeco, NIID_2019-nCoV
		Sewer Network		None	Electronegative membrane filtration^b		0/1
		WWTP Influent		Centrifugation	Ultrafiltration: Centricon® Plus-70		1/8
		Sewer Network		Centrifugation	Ultrafiltration: Centricon® Plus-70		0/1
(Nemudryi et al., 2020)	Bozeman, MT, USA	WWTP Influent	500	Sequential filtration (20, 5, 0.45 μm filters)	Ultrafiltration: Corning® Spin-X® UF concentrators		5/5	CDC N1, N2
(Nemudryi et al., 2020)	Bozeman, MT, USA	WWTP Influent	500	Sequential filtration (20, 5, 0.45 μm filters)	Ultrafiltration: Corning® Spin-X® UF concentrators		2/2	CDC N1, N2
(Randazzo et al., 2020a)	Valencia, Spain	WWTP Influent	200	None	Precipitation-flocculation^b: AlCl₃		12/14	CDC N1, N2
(Randazzo et al., 2020a)	Valencia, Spain	WWTP Treated	200	None	Precipitation-flocculation^b: AlCl₃		0/9	CDC N1, N2
(Bar-Or et al., 2020)	Israel	WWTP Influent	400	Centrifugation	Precipitation-flocculation + Ultrafiltration	PEG 8000 + 0.22 μm filter + Amicon® Ultra-15	3/17	E_Sarbeco
		Sewer Network	200			PEG 8000 + 0.22 μm filter + Amicon® Ultra-15	7/9
		WWTP Influent	400			Alum +0.22 μm filter + Amicon® Ultra-15	1/2
		Sewer Network	200			Alum +0.22 μm filter + Amicon® Ultra-15	1/3
(Rimoldi et al., 2020)	Milan, Italy	WWTP Influent	500	Sequential filtration (0.7, 0.2 μm filters)	None		4/8	Liferiver, N, E_Sarbeco, ORF1ab,
		WWTP Treated					0/4
		Surface water					3/4
(Kocamemi et al., 2020a)	Istanbul, Turkey	WWTP Influent	250	Centrifugation + Sequential filtration (0.45, 0.22 μm filters)	Precipitation-flocculation^b: PEG 8000 + NaCl		5/7	RdRp
(Kocamemi et al., 2020a)	Istanbul, Turkey	Sewer Network	250		Precipitation-flocculation^b: PEG 8000 + NaCl		2/2	RdRp
(Wurtzer et al., 2020a)	Paris, France	WWTP Influent	11	None	Ultracentrifugation		30/30	E_Sarbeco, RdRp
(La Rosa et al., 2020)	Milan & Rome, Italy	WWTP Influent	250	Centrifugation	Precipitation-flocculation: PEG 8000 + Dextran		6/12	ORF1ab, Spike
(Kocamemi et al., 2020b)	Istanbul, Turkey	WWTP Sludge	250	Centrifugation + Sequential filtration (0.45, 0.22 μm filters)	Precipitation-flocculation^b: PEG 8000 + NaCl		9/9	RdRp
(Randazzo et al., 2020b)	Murcia, Spain	WWTP Influent	200	None	Precipitation-flocculation^b: AlCl₃ + Beef extract		35/43	CDC N1, N2, N3
(Randazzo et al., 2020b)	Murcia, Spain	WWTP Treated	200	None	Precipitation-flocculation^b: AlCl₃ + Beef extract		3/30	CDC N1, N2, N3
(Medema et al., 2020a)	The Netherlands	WWTP Influent	36–150	Centrifugation	Ultrafiltration: Centricon® Plus-70		20/22	CDC N1, N2, N3, E_Sarbeco
(Peccia et al., 2020)	New Haven, CT, USA	WWTP Sludge	2.5	None	None		43/43	CDC N1, N2
(Green et al., 2020)	Syracuse, NY, USA	WWTP Influent	20	None	Ultracentrifugation: sucrose cushion (50% sucrose in TNE buffer)		6/12	RdRp (IP2, IP4)
(Green et al., 2020)	Syracuse, NY, USA	Sewer Network	20	None			7/10	RdRp (IP2, IP4)
(Balboa et al., 2020)	Ourense, Spain	WWTP Influent	100	Centrifugation	Ultrafiltration: Amicon® Ultra-15		5/5	Allplex N, E_Sarbeco, RdRp
		WWTP Treated	100	Centrifugation	Ultrafiltration: Amicon® Ultra-15		1/10
		WWTP Sludge	50	None	Precipitation-flocculation + Ultrafiltration: PEG 8000 + Glycin buffer +0.45 μm PES membrane + NaCl		14/35
(Haramoto et al., 2020)	Yamanashi, Japan	WWTP Influent	200	None	Adsorption-elution: MgCl₂ + 0.8 μm cellulose-ester membrane + elution buffer +0.45 μm filter + Centriprep YM-50		0/5	CDC N1, N2, N_Sarbeco, NIID_2019-nCoV
		WWTP Treated	5000				1/5
		Surface Water	5000				0/3
		WWTP Influent	200		Electronegative filtration: MgCL₂ + 0.8 μm cellulose-ester membrane		0/5
		WWTP Treated	5000				0/5
		Surface Water	5000				0/3
(Sharif et al., 2020)	Pakistan	Sewer Network	500	Centrifugation	Precipitation-flocculation: PEG 8000 + dextran + chloroform		21/78	E_Sarbeco, ORF1ab, N-gene
(Sherchan et al., 2020)	Louisiana, USA	WWTP Influent	250	None	Ultrafiltration: Centricon® Plus-70		2/2	CDC N1, N2
		WWTP Treated	250				0/1
		WWTP Effluent	250				0/1
		WWTP Influent	100		Adsorption-elution: MgCl₂ + 0.45 μm electronegative membrane + H₂SO₄ + NaOH + Centriprep YM-50		0/2
		WWTP Treated	750				0/1
		WWTP Effluent	750				0/1
(Kumar et al., 2020)	Ahmedabad, India	WWTP Influent	50	Centrifugation + filtration (0.22 μm)	Precipitation-flocculation: PEG 9000 + NaCl		2/2	ORF1ab, N-gene, S-gene
(Kumar et al., 2020)	Ahmedabad, India	WWTP Treated	50	Centrifugation + filtration (0.22 μm)	Precipitation-flocculation: PEG 9000 + NaCl		0/2	ORF1ab, N-gene, S-gene

Only samples collected after the first case are counted.

pH adjustment.