Table 5.
Crop management practices under different scenarios in rice/maize based cropping systems.
| Scenariosa | Sc1 | Sc2 | Sc3 | Sc4 | Sc5 | Sc6 | Sc7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Field preparation |
Rice- 2 pass of harrow, 1 pass of rotavator, 2 pass of puddle harrow followed by (fb) planking; Wheat- 2 pass of harrow and rotavator each fb planking |
Rice-1 pass of harrow, 1 pass of cultivator fb planking; Wheat- Zero tillage | Direct sowing under ZT condition |
Maize- 2 pass of harrow and rotavator each fb planking Wheat- 2 pass of harrow and rotavator each fb planking |
Direct sowing on permanent beds | Direct sowing under ZT condition | Direct sowing under ZT condition |
| Seed rate (kg ha−1)b | Rice- 12.5; Wheat- 100 | Rice- 20; Wheat- 100 | Rice- 20; Wheat- 100 | Maize- 20; Wheat- 100 | Maize- 20; Wheat- 80 | Maize- 20; Wheat- 100 | Maize- 20; Wheat- 100; Mungbean-20 |
| Equipment used for sowing |
Rice- Manual transplanting Wheat- Manual broadcasting |
Rice- Multi-crop planter Wheat- Happy seeder (HS) |
Happy seeder in both the crops |
Maize- Bed planter Wheat- Manual broadcasting |
Maize- Bed planter Wheat- Bed planter |
Happy seeder in both the crops | Happy seeder in all the crops |
| Crop geometry | Random geometry | 22.5 cm–22.5 cm | 22.5 cm–22.5 cm | 67.5 cm–22.5 cm | 67.5 cm–22.5 cm | 67.5 cm–22.5 cm | 67.5 cm–22.5 cm–22.5 cm |
| Fertilizer (N:P:K) in kg ha−1 |
Rice- 150:60:00 Wheat- 150:60:00 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−1 |
Rice- 150:60:60 Wheat- 150:60:60 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−1 |
Rice-150:60:60 Wheat- 150:60:60 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−11 |
Maize- 150:60:00 Wheat- 150:60:00 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−1 |
Maize- 150:60:60 Wheat- 150:60:60 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−1 |
Maize- 150:60:60 Wheat- 150:60:60 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−1 |
Maize- 150:60:60 Wheat- 150:60:60 + ZnSO4 @25 kg ha−1 Mungbean- 00:00:00 |
| Water management |
Rice- Continuous flooding of 5–6 cm depth for 30–40 days after transplanting fb irrigations applied at alternate wetting and drying Wheat- 4–6 irrigations as per requirement |
Rice- Soil was kept wet up to 20 days after sowing fb irrigations applied at hair-line cracks Wheat- 4–6 irrigations as per critical crop growth stages |
Same as in Sc2 |
Maize- 4–5 irrigations as per requirement Wheat- 5–7 irrigations as per requirement |
Maize- 4–5 furrow irrigations as per requirement Wheat- 5–7 furrow irrigations as per requirement |
Maize- 3–4 irrigations as per requirement Wheat- 4–6 irrigations as per requirement |
Maize and wheat as Sc6 Mungbean- 1–2 irrigations as per need |
aRefer Table 4 for scenarios description.
bSeed treatment was done with Bavistin + Streptocycline (10 + 1 g per 10 kg seed) for wheat and Raxil Tebuconazole 2DS (2% w/w ) at 0.2 g a.i. kg−1 seed for rice and maize.