Table 3.
Demographic factors, clinical and obstetric history of pregnant women with and without diagnosis of GDM.
| Variables | Group | p valuea | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM | Control | |||
| N, % | 50 (50.0%) | 50 (50.0%) | 100 (100.0%) | |
| Age, years | 32 (28–35) | 28 (24–35) | 0.046 | 31 (25–35) |
| Age (≥ 35 anos), n (%) | 13 (26.0%) | 13 (26.0%) | 1.000 | 26 (26.0%) |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl | 98 (95–107) | 79 (73–87) | p < 0.01 | 92 (79–98) |
| BMI, kg/m | 30.78 ± 5.00 | 28.24 ± 4.09 | 0.006 | 29.51 ± 4.72 |
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| Suitable | 8 (16.0%) | 25 (50.0%) | 0.002 | 33 (33.0%) |
| Low weight | 3 (6.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | 6 (6.0%) | |
| Overweight | 21 (42.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 36 (36.0%) | |
| Obesity | 18 (36.0%) | 7 (14.0%) | 25 (25.0%) | |
| Obesity or overweight, n (%) | 39 (78.0%) | 22 (44.0%) | p < 0.01 | 61 (61.0%) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Single or divorced | 19 (38.0%) | 35 (70.0%) | 0.001 | 54 (54.0%) |
| Married or stable union | 31 (62.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 46 (46.0%) | |
| Has children, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 40 (80.0%) | 29 (58.0%) | 0.017 | 69 (69.0%) |
| No | 10 (20.0%) | 21 (42.0%) | 31 (31.0%) | |
| Number of children | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.107 | 1 (0–2) |
| Had previous pregnancy, n (%) | 49 (98.0%) | 48 (96.0%) | 1.000 | 97 (97.0%) |
| Previous pregnancies, qty | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.110 | 2 (1–3) |
| Miscarriage History, n (%) | 19 (38.0%) | 18 (36.0%) | 0.836 | 37 (37.0%) |
| Last delivery type, n (%) | ||||
| Cesarean | 12 (24.0%) | 14 (28.0%) | 0.100 | 26 (26.0%) |
| Vaginal | 28 (56.0%) | 18 (36.0%) | 46 (46.0%) | |
| First birth | 10 (20.0%) | 18 (36.0%) | 28 (28.0%) | |
| Own GDM history, n (%) | 2 (4.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 1.000 | 3 (3.0%) |
| Family history of GDM, n (%) | 31 (62.0%) | 30 (60.0%) | 0.838 | 61 (61.0%) |
| History of disease in previous pregnancy, n (%) | 11 (22.0%) | 7 (14.0%) | 0.298 | 18 (18.0%) |
Continuous data are expressed as Mean ± Standard deviation/median and 25th and 75th percentiles.
Categorical data are expressed as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency.
Values in bold indicate significance at p < 0.05.
GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, qty. quantity, BMI Body Mass Index.
aSignificance of difference between groups by Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney U test (continuous variables) or Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s test (categorical variables).