Table 2.
The indicators of cardiovascular autonomic nervous function.
| Variables | Non-CAN (n = 60) |
CAN (n = 43) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CARTs | |||
| Deep breathing, n (% abnormal) | 23(38.3) | 42(97.7) | <0.001 |
| 30 : 15 ratio, n (% abnormal) | 0(0) | 14(32.6) | <0.001 |
| Valsalva maneuver, n (% abnormal) | 5(8.3) | 32(74.4) | <0.001 |
| Postural BP change, n (% abnormal) | 0(0) | 6(14.0) | <0.001 |
| CARTs score | 1.0(0.5, 1.5) | 2.0(2.0, 3.0) | <0.001 |
| COMPASS 31 score | 12.9 ± 6.9 | 23.7 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
| HRV indices | |||
| SDNN (ms) | 126.5 ± 21.6 | 82.8 ± 22.3 | <0.001 |
| PNN50 (%) | 4.3(2.2, 9.0) | 1.4(0.3, 3.7) | <0.001 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 25.5(20.0, 37.3) | 19.0(13.0, 37.0) | 0.010 |
| LF (ms2) | 386.1(227.7, 545.9) | 108.7(37.0, 196.1) | <0.001 |
| HF (ms2) | 239.0(125.0, 378.5) | 104.6(42.0, 170.0) | <0.001 |
| LF/HF ratio | 1.49(1.07, 2.68) | 0.94(0.62, 1.63) | 0.001 |
Data are means ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). CAN: cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; CARTs: cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests; 30 : 15 ratio: lying to standing; COMPASS 31: Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31; HRV: heart rate variability; SDNN: the standard deviation of the NN intervals; PNN50: the percentage of adjacent NN intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms; RMSSD: the root mean square differences of successive NN intervals; LF: low-frequency power; HF: high-frequency power.