Table 2.
Study setting, characteristics of volunteers, and missing data.
| Study name | Reid | Linsenmeyer | Waites | Lee | Hess | Sappal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2001 | 2004 | 2004 | 2007 | 2008 | 2018 |
| Country | Canada | USA | USA | Australia | USA | USA |
| Setting | Urology clinic | Hosp. clinic, community residing | SCI database, community residing | Veterans Admin Hosp. | Veterans Affairs Medical Center | |
| Inclusion criteria | SCI with UTI history | SCI with NLUTD | SCI (≥1 year) with NLUTD | SCI with NLUTD | SCI (≥1 year) with NLUTD | SCI (≥6-months) requiring catheterization |
| Lesion level, ASIA class | Paraplegia/tetraplegia not reported | From cervical 4 to cervical 7: 8 From thoracic 4 to thoracic 10: 7 From thoracic 11 to lumbar 1: 6 |
Paraplegia/tetraplegia 20/6 (treatment) 14/8 (control) complete/incomplete 23/3 (treatment) 17/5 (control) | Paraplegia/tetraplegia 62/91 (treatment) 76/76 (control) Complete/incomplete 67/86 (treatment) 81/71 (control) |
ASIA A: 27 ASIA B: 10 ASIA C: 10 Para/tetra: 24/23 |
Cervical 5: 1; cervical 6: 3; cervical 7: 3; thoracic 1: 1; thoracic 5: 1; thoracic 7: 1; thoracic 9: 1; thoracic 11: 1 ASIA A: 9 ASIA B: 1 ASIA C: 3 |
| Exclusion criteria | High serum creatinine, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, autonomic dysreflexia, cancer, stone, symptomatic UTI | Antimicrobial urinary acidifying agents (within 7 days) fever, chills | Antimicrobial symptomatic-UTI renal or hepatic disease Allergy |
Low glomerular filtration rate, immunosuppressant malignancy | Antimicrobial symptomatic UTI (within 2 weeks) Immunocompromising (HIV, steroid, chemotherapy) |
|
| Included in UTI definition | White blood cells, symptoms (autonomic dysreflexia) | White blood cells ≥ 10/μL | White blood cells ≥ 100 high power field Symptoms (autonomic dysreflexia) |
White blood cells ≥ 10 high power field Symptoms (autonomic dysreflexia) |
White blood cells ≥ 10 high power field | |
| Age (years) | Mean: 42.3 | Not specified | Range: 20-73 | Range: 16-82 | Range: 28-79 | Range: 18-65 |
| Gender | Males: 10/15 | Males: 16/21 | Males: 42/48 | Males: 253/305 | All men (47) | All men (13) |
| Number (analysed) | 15 | 21 | 48 | 305 | 47 | 13 |
| Loss to follow-up | 1/16 | 16/37 | 26/74 | 0/305 | 10/57 | 0/13 |
| Dropout | 1/16 (6%) | 16/37 (43%) | 26/74 (35%) | CB: 12/78 (15%) CB+MH: 16/75 (21%) Placebo: 10/77 (13%) MH: 17/75 (23%) |
10/57 (17%) | 0/13 |
ASIA: American Spinal Injury Association; CB: cranberry; MH: methenamine hippurate; NLUTD: neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction; UTI: urinary tract infection.