Table 4.
Specific risk of bias assessment.
| Study name | Reid | Linsenmeyer | Waites | Lee | Hess | Sappal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2001 | 2004 | 2004 | 2007 | 2008 | 2018 |
| Groups balanced for lesion level/urine collection | Yes 0.1 | Yes 0.1 | Unbalanced catheterization (treatment/control 65.4/36.3%) | No data for each of the 4 arms | Yes 0.1 | Not reported |
| UTI diagnosis including autonomic dysreflexia | No | Yes 0.1 | No | Yes 0.1 | Yes 0.1 | No |
| Comorbidity and drug use specified | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Proper control | Yes 0.3 | Yes 0.3 | Yes 0.3 | Placebo+MH | Yes 0.3 | Yes 0.3 |
| Compliance assessment | No | No | Pills' count 0.1 | No | Pills' count 0.1 | No |
| Dietary record | No | No | Only fluid intake 0.03 | No | No | No |
| Food antioxidant intake | Only no CB/vit. C 0.025 | Only no CB 0.025 | Only no CB 0.025 | No | No | Only no CB 0.025 |
| Washout and/or run-in | 2d-w/o only | Yes 0.05 | No | No | No | No |
| Marker of bioavailability | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Double blinding | No | Yes 0.05 | Yes 0.05 | Yes 0.05 | Yes 0.05 | Yes 0.05 |
| No funding support | Yes 0.03 (no conflict) | Yes 0.03 | Yes 0.03 | Brucia Pharmaceuticals | Yes 0.03 | Yes (critical versus sponsor) 0.03 |
| No supplement donation | Yes 0.01 | Kessler Pharmacy | AIM This Way | Yes 0.01 | Cran-Max Swiss | Yes 0.01 |
| Quality score (range 0–1) | 0.465 | 0.655 | 0.535 | 0.16 | 0.68 | 0.415 |
CB: cranberry; MH: methenamine hippurate; UTI: urinary tract infection.