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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2020 May 8;41(3):449–458. doi: 10.1007/s10571-020-00859-6

Figure 5. Estrogen prevents NFT formation induced by tBHP treatment in optic nerve head astrocytes (ONHAs).

Figure 5.

(A) ONHAs were pretreated with 25 μM estrogen followed by induction of oxidative stress using tBHP. Production of NFTs was determined by staining with Thioflavin S (green). (B) tBHP treated cells showed significant Thioflavin S staining, indicative of NFT formation, compared to mock (*, p=0.0129). Cells pretreated with estrogen for 2 h showed a significant reduction of Thioflavin S staining compared to cells treated with tBHP treated (*, p=0.0171). In addition, NFTs appeared hallo like and more diffuse for the 2h pretreatment. Increasing pretreatment time to 18 h with estrogen reduced NFT formation significantly (*, p=0.0134) compared to tBHP treated cells. Pretreatment with estrogen for 18 h was significantly more effective than the 2 h pretreatment (**, p=0.0024). ONHAs pretreated with estrogen for 2 h still had significant NFT formation compared to mock treated (**, p=0.0024). Estrogen pretreatment for 18 h was the most effective showing no significant difference in the level of NFT formation compared with mock treated ONHAs (ns, p=0.1326). Experiments were done in triplicate (n=3) and values were depicted as mean +/− SEM and analyzed using ANOVA (p=0.0007). For statistical comparison, the Bonferroni post-hoc test and Student t-test were used. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.