Table 2.
Implemented Interventions and Subsequent Outcomes
| Author, year | Study Setting | Study Period |
Intervention | Outcome | Pre-Intervention [n (%)] |
Post-Intervention [n (%)] |
Absolute Difference |
Relative Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aberra 2013a | U. Michigan, USA | 2008-2011 | Nurse base protocol | One-time abdominal imaging | 119/160b (74.4) | 331/355 (93.2) | 18.8% | 25.3% |
| Kennedy, 2013 | Flinders Medical Center, Australia | 2007-2009 | PCP and patient education, system redesignb | Semi-annual US and AFP for two years | 0/22 (0) | 14/22 (63.6) | 63.6% | - |
| Beste, 2015 | Northwest Veterans Affairs, USA | 2011-2012 | EMR Reminder | ≥2 abdominal imaging within 18 months | 103/564 (18.2) | 218/790 (27.6) | 9.4% | 51.6% |
| Del Poggio, 2015 | 120 PCPs, Italy | 1994-2013 | PCP Education | HCC diagnosed by surveillance | 85/244 (34.8) | 105/190 (55.3) | 20.5% | 58.9% |
| Nazareth 2016 | Royal Perth Hospital, Australia | 2010-2015 | Nurse-led clinic | Semi-annual ultrasound | - | 40/76 (52.6) | - | - |
| Farrell 2017 | Royal Liverpool Hospital, UK | 2009-2013 | Radiology led recall | Semi-annual US | - | 368/804 (45.8) | - | - |
| Bui 2017 | KP Northern California, USA | Not reported | EMR identification and physician extender | 3 abdominal imaging in 2 years | 51/224 (22.8) | 183/224 (81.7) | 58.9% | 258.3% |
| Singal, 2019 | Parkland, Dallas, TX | 2014-2016 | Mailed outreach | Semi-annual US over 18 months | 44/600 (7.3) | 247/1200 (20.6) | 13.3% | 182.2% |
PCP - primary care provider; HCC - hepatocellular carcinoma; US - ultrasound; AFP - alpha fetoprotein; EMR – electronic medical reminder
a
Singal 2011 provides the comparison cohort for the intervention
b
System redesign, creation of hepatitis nurse for coordinating surveillance and a patient database with automated recall function