Table 3.

Correlates of Surveillance Utilization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author, year	Age	Gender	Race	Socioeconomic	Alcohol abuse	NAFLD/ metabolic syndrome*	Comorbidities	Liver Decompensation	Hepatology care	Number of clinic visits
Davila 2010							NS		+
Davila 2011	− (<50)	NS	− (Black)		−	−	+	−
Patwardhan 2011	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS			+
Singal 2012	NS	NS	NS	NS	−	NS		+	+	NSa
Fenoglio 2013					−	−
Palmer 2013	NS	+ (F)	NS							+b
Singal 2013	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS					NSb
Hasani 2014	NS	NS		+ (private insurance)	NS	NS	+		NS
Edenvik 2015	NS	NS			−	−
Singal 2015	NS	+ (M)	NS	NS	NS	−		NS		+b
Thein 2015	NS	NS		NS	−	NS	NS	NS		+c
Wang 2016	NS	NS		NS			NS			+b
Goldberg 2017	+(older)		− (Black)		−	−				+b
Mancebo 2017	NS	NS			−			+
Robinson 2017		NS	NS			+		+
Singal 2017	NS	NS	NS		−	−	NS	NS	+	NSa
Tran 2018	+ (>54)	NS	+ (Asian)		NS			+		+c

NAFLD – nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NS – not significant; ND – not done

Factors with (−) indicate a negative correlation, (+) a positive correlation

^*–considered metabolic syndrome if any component is reported

^a–primary care visits

^b–hepatology visits

^c–unclear specialty visit