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. 2020 Jul 3;9(2):411–425. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00180-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Key structures involved in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders and headache. 1. Structures involved in the pathophysiology of both pain and sleep disorders: thalamus, hypothalamus, locus coeruleus, periaqueductal gray matter. 2. Structures involved in the pathophysiology of pain: nuclei raphe magnus, rostroventral medulla oblongata, trigeminal nucleus caudalis. 3. Structures involved in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders: pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, basal forebrain

Reprinted from Sleep and Neurologic Disease, O’Hare, M. and Cowan, R.P., Sleep and Headache, pages 201–225, Copyright 2017, with permission from Elsevier [20]