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. 2020 Nov 8;28(8):10053–10067. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11464-x

Table 3.

Prevalence of “secondhand smoker” at home (n = 3269) and work (n = 3019) stratified by participant characteristics (weighted for the age and sex distribution of the Kuwaiti population)

Characteristic Weighted prevalence secondhand smoker at homea Weighted prevalence secondhand smoker at workb
n % 95% CI p n % 95% CI p
Overall 3268 38.6 [36.9–40.4] 3019 29.9% 28.1–31.6
Sex < 0.001 < 0.001
Female 2376 42.9 [40.8–44.9] 2188 17.3 [15.8–19.0]
Male 892 31.3 [28.3–34.5] 831 51.2 [47.8–54.6]
Men < 0.001 < 0.001
18–29 309 34.6 [29.5–40.1] 290 53.5 [47.7–59.1]
30–44 282 29.1 [24.1–34.6] 271 57.2 [51.2–63.0]
45–59 238 28.2 [22.8–34.2] 218 44.0 [37.6–50.7]
60–69 63 31.8 [21.6–44.2] 52 30.8 [19.8–44.5]
Women
18–29 757 43.6 [40.1–47.2] 721 18.7 [16–21.7]
30–44 978 41.5 [38.5–44.6] 941 17.4 [15.1–20.0]
45–59 508 43.1 [38.9–47.5] 434 16.1 [13–20.0]
60–69 133 44.4 [36.2–52.9] 92 10.9 [5.9–19.0]
Marital status 0.593 0.023
Single 736 39.7 [36.2–43.4] 683 31.7 [28.1–35.5]
Married 2254 38.1 [36.1–40.2] 2101 29.6 [27.5–31.7]
Separated/divorced 162 36.3 [29.1–44.2] 150 29.9 [25.8–41.6]
Widowed 115 43.2 [34.3–52.5] 84 15.3 [9.0–24.9]
Highest education level < 0.001 < 0.001
Less than primary 120 47.1 [38.2–56.2] 71 7.0 [2.9–15.9]
Primary school 74 58.1 [46.3–69.0] 59 31.9 [21.1–45.1]
Intermediate school 352 44.2 [38.9 -49.6] 296 30.6 [25.2–36.5]
High school 574 43.6 [39.5–47.9] 520 37.3 [33.1–41.8]
Diploma/college 1131 39.6 [36.7–42.6] 1089 25.3 [22.6–28.1]
Post-graduate 867 32.1 [28.9–35.3] 835 32.6 [29.3–36.1]
Employment status 0.001 < 0.001
Government 2243 37.3 [35.2–39.3] 2210 31.3 [29.3–33.4]
Non-government 98 34 [25.1–44.1] 94 52.8 [42.5–62.9]
Self-employed 21 8.4 [2.1–28.6] 19 23.7 [9.2–48.8]
Student 241 39.7 [33.6–46.2] 211 37.7 [31.2–44.7]
Homemaker 363 47.7 [42.6–53.0] 248 11.4 [8.0–16.0]
Retired/unemployed 299 40.9 [35.4–46.7] 235 16.5 [12.2–22.0]
Obesity 0.955 0.003
BMI < 30 1708 38.6 [36.2–41.0] 1604 32.3 [29.9–34.8
BMI≥ 30 1560 38.7 [36.2–41.2] 1415 27 [24.6–29.5
HTN 0.899
Yes 627 39.5 [35.7–43.5] 549 35.8 [31.7–40.1] 0.029
No 2025 39.2 [37.4–41.2] 1927 30.6 [28.5–32.9]
Diabetes 0.272
Yes 410 40.8 [36.0–45.7] 336 32.8 [27.8–38.3] 0.797
No 1699 37.7 [35.4–40.2] 1583 32.1 [29.7–34.6]

aActive smokers were excluded from the analyses

bActive smokers and those did not work in a closed area were excluded from the analyses