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. 2020 Nov 7;12:169. doi: 10.1186/s13148-020-00962-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Epigenetics alteration and mechanism in PTCL. MLL2:MLL2 can activate the transcription of genes by methylating histone H3 at the 4th lysine (H3K4me).EZH2:EZH2 inhibits gene expression by catalysing trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27m3).HDAC : HATs catalyse the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl- CoA to the NH2 group of lysine residues of histone H3 and histone H4 while HDACs remove it. DNMTs: DNMTs catalyse the transfer of methyl groups to cytosine nucleotides of CpG island DNA.TET2: encodes TET which converts 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). When TET2 is mutated, there is a pathogenic decrease in 5hmC leading to suppression of gene transcription.IDH2: Mutations of IDH2, such as gain-of-function R140 and R172 substitutions, lead to toxic 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) accumulate; which inhibits TET and decreases the levels of 5hmC. TET: ten eleven translocation protein; 2HG: 2-hydroxyglutarate; IDH2:isocitrate dehydrogenase 2; 5hmC: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 2; K27me3: trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3); K4me3: trimethylation at lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4me3)