Table 2.

Recent studies on plant essential oils against bovine mastitis

Essential oil origin	Mechanisms of action
Mixture of Satureja montana L., Thymus vulgaris L. ct. thymol, and Origanum majorana L. [95]	Antimicrobial activity against Staph. aureus
Mixture of Origanum vulgare and Leptospermum scoparium [96]	Antimicrobial activity against Staph. aureus, Staph. chromogenes, Staph. siuri, Staph. warneri, Staph. xylosus and E. coli
Origanum vulgare [97]	Decreased SCC and WBC in cows afflicted with subclinical mastitis, inhibits Staph. aureus and E. coli
Valencia orange [100]	Inhibits Staph. aureus growth and biofilm formation, reduced adhesion and invasion in MAC-T
Minthostachys verticillata and Citrus [134]	Antimicrobial activity against Strep. uberis
Minthostachys verticillata [140]	Attenuate Entero. faecium-induced inflammation in mammary gland tissue of mouse model by activating macrophage phagocytosis and modulating innate immune response
Cinnamon cassia [141]	Antimicrobial activity against Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. hyicus, Staph. xylosus, and E. coli 29
Patchouli, Cedar, Thyme, and Manuka [142]	Antimicrobial activity against Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, and Staph. xylosus

SCC, somatic cell count; WBC, white blood cell; MAC-T, bovine mammary alveolar cells.