Table 4a:
Pooled associations between socio-demographic, geographical and behavioural factors with chronic conditions (≥2 (multimorbidity) vs. <2) in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.
| Characteristics | < 2 chronic conditions N=1280 | ≥2 chronic conditions (multimorbidity) N=1001 | Bivariate analysis OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean ± SD | 54.4 ± 15.0 | 58.4 ±13.0 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001* |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Black | 976 (76.2%) | 778 (77.7%) | 1.00 (Referent) | |
| Asian | 130 (10.2%) | 131 (13.1%) | 1.26 (0.97–1.64) | <0.001* |
| Mixed | 56 (4.4%) | 49 (4.9%) | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) | |
| White | 118 (9.2%) | 43 (4.3%) | 0.46 (0.32–0.66) | |
| Marital status (%) | ||||
| Married/co-habiting | 513 (40.2%) | 348 (34.9%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.010* |
| Unmarried | 763 (59.8%) | 648 (65.1%) | 1.25 (1.05–1.49) | |
| Highest level of education (%) | ||||
| Primary education and below | 324 (24.4%) | 303 (30.7%) | 1.00 (Referent) | 0.006* |
| Secondary education and above | 949 (74.6%) | 684 (69.3%) | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) | |
| Employment status (%) | ||||
| Unemployed | 921 (71.9%) | 775 (77.4%) | 1.00 (Referent) | 0.003* |
| Employed | 359 (28.1%) | 226 (22.6%) | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | |
| Household socio-economic status (score 0–6), median (IQR) | 3(2–5) | 4(2–5) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.488 |
| Hospital site (%) | ||||
| Soweto, Johannesburg | 472 (36.9%) | 323 (32.3%) | 1.00 (Referent) | <0.001* |
| Central Johannesburg | 318 (24.8%) | 193 (19.3%) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | |
| KZN Durban | 211 (16.5%) | 225 (22.5%) | 1.56 (1.23–1.97) | |
| KZN Pietermaritzburg | 240 (18.8%) | 222 (22.2%) | 1.35 (1.07–1.70) | |
| KZN rural | 39 (3.1%) | 38 (3.8%) | 1.42 (0.89–2.28) | |
| Residential distance from hospital site (km), median (IQR) | 19.9 (8.7–39.5) | 21.8 (9.1–48.1) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.033* |
| Have you ever consumed alcohol? (%) | ||||
| No | 1004 (78.4%) | 828 (82.7%) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.011* |
| Yes | 276 (21.6%) | 173 (17.3%) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | |
| Have you ever smoked? (%) | 0.044* | |||
| No | 1106 (86.4%) | 893 (89.2%) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 174 (13.6%) | 108 (10.8%) | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) |
OR (Odds ratio) = odds of reporting ≥2 chronic conditions compared with <2 chronic conditions,
*
variables significant at p<0.05.
a
HSES: Household socio-economic status (possessions) score determined from: (home ownership=1, motor vehicle=1, microwave=1, washing machine=1, flush toilet=1, indoor running water=1) Denominator= 6 (1 for Yes, 0 for No), KZN (KwaZulu-Natal), SD (standard deviation), IQR (interquartile range), km (kilometres)