Table 1.

EC₅₀ values of ZP and TP propolis samples and its fractions on T. brucei s427 wild-type and B48 (n = 3).

Samples	T. brucei S427WT	T. brucei B48
	EC50, AVG ± SEM (μg/mL)	EC50, AVG ± SEM (μg/mL)		R. F	t-test
Zambian propolis (ZP) and its fractions
ZP Crudea	4.14 ± 0.12	7.39 ± 0.50	1.78		0.0032
ZP-F1a	17.05 ± 0.75	16.66 ± 1.90	0.98		0.8557
ZP-F2a	1.76 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.15	1.11		0.2976
ZP-F3a	0.94 ± 0.06	1.50 ± 0.13	1.59		0.0165
ZP-F4a	1.10 ± 0.03	0.97 ± 0.05	0.89		0.0821
ZP-F5a	1.23 ± 0.03	1.07 ± 0.07	0.87		0.0986
ZP-F6a	2.26 ± 0.03	2.30 ± 0.20	1.02		0.8813
ZP-F7a	4.31 ± 0.17	4.36 ± 0.28	1.01		0.8733
ZP-F8a	5.41 ± 0.15	6.10 ± 0.27	1.13		0.1761
ZP-F9a	7.75 ± 0.35	7.46 ± 0.48	0.96		0.6509
Tanzanian propolis (ZP) and its fractions
TP crudea	1.20 ± 0.04	1.02 ± 0.07	0.85		0.0843
TP-F1a	5.78 ± 0.44	6.07 ± 0.67	1.05		0.7392
TP-F2a	8.76 ± 0.44	8.54 ± 0.65	0.98		0.8001
TP-F3a	4.87 ± 0.21	5.78 ± 0.61	1.19		0.2272
TP-F4a	2.36 ± 0.18	2.58 ± 0.33	1.10		0.5751
TP-F5a	4.23 ± 0.21	5.45 ± 0.41	1.29		0.0565
TP-F6a	15.78 ± 0.74	16.84 ± 1.26	1.07		0.5110
TP-F7a	4.45 ± 0.36	6.04 ± 0.66	1.36		0.1021
TP-F8a	8.23 ± 0.48	7.82 ± 1.38	0.95		0.7936
TP-F9a	138.73 ± 8.18	152.80 ± 12.07	1.10		0.3893
Control
Pentamidineb	0.0031 ± 0.0003	0.4816 ± 0.02	157.84		<0.0001

The EC₅₀ values are the average ± SEM of at least 3 independent determinations. ^a EC₅₀ in μg/mL; ^b EC₅₀ in μM. RF = Resistance factor, being EC₅₀(WT)/EC₅₀(B48). Statistical significance was determined using an unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test comparing the EC₅₀ values of the resistant strain with those obtained for the control strain s427. Pentamidine is a known trypanocide and used as positive control and strain control for B48