Table 4.

Main publications directly assessing outcomes of direct sac puncture and embolisation for EL2

Authors	No. of endoleak cases	Patient population	Embolic material	Technical success (%)	Follow-up length mean–months (range)	Clinical success (%)	Transabdominal or Translumbar
Zener et al. [56]	33	30	Glue only (45.5%), glue/coils (36.4%) and Onyx with or without glue/coils (18.1%)	29 (97)	15	23/27 (85)	All transabdominal
Carrafiello et al. [57]	8	8	Thrombin only in 5 cases, thrombin and glue in 2 cases and Onyx in 1 case	8 (100)	36 (24–46)	8 (100)	All translumbar