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. 2020 Oct 26;8:570484. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.570484

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Copyright © 2020 Chen, Li, Lin, Huang, Lin, Chin, Lai, Chiu, Yang and Lai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PM_2.₅ alters BALF microbiota communities. (A) Shannon-diversity index, (B) observed ASVs, and (C) Fisher’s diversity index were conducted to assess microbiome diversity in BALF. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the experimental results between two groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. PM, PM_2.₅ exposure; Sp, pneumococcal infection.