Table 3.
Risk of bias in Cross sectional studies.
Studies | Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? | Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? | Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Was appropriate statistical analysis used? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mercante et al. (24) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Lampl et al. (25) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Peres et al. (26) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Song et al. (27) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes |
Wachholtz et al. (28) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes |