Table 1.
Comparison of the temporal course of retinal development in mice and in humans.
Developmental milestone | Mouse | Human |
---|---|---|
Formation of the optic cup | E9–9.5 (Heavner and Pevny, 2012) | GW5 (Smirnov and Puchkov, 2004) |
Pigmented epithelium layer separated from the visual layer | From E13 (Fan et al., 2016) | From GW6 (Smirnov and Puchkov, 2004) |
Ganglion cells generation period | E11–E19 (HRP retrograde labeled cells and 3H-Thy; Dräger, 1985) E8–E16 (peak E12) (Brn3a labeled cells and BrdU; Voinescu et al., 2009) |
GW6 to GW14 in the fovea (finishing at GW30 in the whole retina) |
IPL appearance | E17 (Fan et al., 2016) | GW8-9 in the fovea; GW15 temporal and GW18 far periphery (Hendrickson, 2016) |
OPL formation | P4–P5 (Olney, 1968) | GW11 (fovea); GW30 (far periphery) (Hendrickson, 2016; Hendrickson and Zhang, 2017) |
Ganglion cell PCD | Peak P2–P4 (Young, 1984) and P15 (Péquignot et al., 2003) | Peak GW15–20 (Georges et al., 1999) |
PCD in the INL | Inner INL P0–P11 (peak P4–P6) Outer INL P5–P18 (peak P8–P10) (Young, 1984) |
From GW15–35 (peak GW20) mainly in the bipolar location |
PCD in the ONL | Inner rods P5–P11 (peak P7–8) Outer rods P5–P21/24 (peak P15, Young, 1984; Péquignot et al., 2003) |
Significantly lower than other layers (GW15-GW35) |
Synapses in the IPL | Conventional synapses P5 (Fisher, 1979) Ribbon synapses P10–P12 (Olney, 1968; Fisher, 1979) |
GW12 (future fovea) (Hollenberg and Spira, 1973) |
Synapses in the OPL | P7 (Olney, 1968) | GW12 in the future fovea (Hollenberg and Spira, 1973) |
Invasion of vascular cells from optic disc | From P2 (Young, 84) | From GW14-15 (Hughes et al., 2000) |
E, Embryonic day; P, Post-natal day; PCD, Programmed Cell Death; GW, Gestational week.