Table 1.

Recommended vitamin levels for broiler starter to finisher period by different sources

Item	Unit	Starter-grower					Finisher
		NRC (1994)	INRA (1984)	FEDNA (2008)	DSM OVN (2011)		NRC (1994)	INRA (1984)	FEDNA (2008)	DSM OVN (2011)
				0–18 days	Starter	Grower
Vitamin A	IU/kg	1,500	10,000	9,000–15,000	11,000–15,000	10,000–125,000	1,500	10,000	7,000–9,000	10,000–12,500
Vitamin D3	IU/kg	200	1,500	3,000–3,800	3,000–5,000	3,000–5,000	200	1,500	2,000–2,800	3,000–5,000
25-OH-D3 (HyD)	mg/kg	-	-	-	0.069	0.069	-	-	-	0.069
Vitamin E	IU/kg	10	15	20–45	150–300	50–100	10	10	20–25	50–100*
Vitamin K	mg/kg	0.5	5	2.0–3.1	3.0–4.0	3.0–4.0	0.5	4	1.7–2.2	3.0–4.0
Vitamin B1	mg/kg	1.8	0.5	1.0–2.5	3.0–4.0	2.0–3.0	1.8		0.3–1.3	2.0–3.0
Vitamin B2	mg/kg	3.6	4	5.0–7.5	8.0–10.0	7.0–9.0	3.6	4	3.0–5.5	6.0–8.0
Vitamin B6	mg/kg	3.5	-	2.5–4.0	4.0–6.0	4.0–6.0	3.5	-	0.6–2.4	4.0–6.0
Vitamin B12	mg/kg	0.01	0.01	0.016–0.022	0.02–0.04	0.02–0.03	0.01	0.01	0.008–0.015	0.02–0.03
Niacin	mg/kg	35	25	40–65	60–80	60–80	30	15	20–35	50–80
Panthothenic acid	mg/kg	10	5	10.0–16.0	15.0–20.0	12.0–18.0	10	5	8.0–10.0	10.0–15.0
Folic acid	mg/kg	0.55	0.2	1.0–1.5	2.0–2.5	2.0–2.5	0.55	-	0.3–0.7	2.0–2.5
Biotin	mg/kg	0.15		0.09–0.18	0.2–0.4	0.2–0.3	0.15	-	0.02–0.095	0.2–0.3
Vitamin C	mg/kg	-	-	-	100–200**	100–200**	-	-	-	100–200**
Choline	mg/kg	1,300	500	300–500	400–700	400–700	1,000	500	175–250	400–600

NRC, National Research Council; INRA, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (National Institute for Agricultural Research); FEDNA, Fundación Española para el Desarrollo de la Nutrición Animal (Foundation for the Development of Animal Nutrition); OVN, optimum vitamin nutrition.

^*Additional 150 mg/kg for meat quality.

^**Recommended under heat stress.

Adapted from DSM Nutritional Product Limited 2012, 5m Publication, UK [99].