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. 2020 Oct 26;14:538404. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.538404

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Copyright © 2020 Rathore, Arora, Rastogi, Akhtar, Singh and Samim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Photographs showing histopathological changes (40×) in the cortex region for all the groups, i.e., control (C), ischemic (I), NS1 (10 μg/kg b.wt), NS2 (100 μg/kg b.wt), NS3 (1,000 μg/kg b.wt), and free silymarin (Sil) (100 mg/kg b.wt). The control (C) group showed intact neurons (light blue arrow) and normal morphology. In contrast, in the ischemic (I) group, degenerative changes like neuronal loss (yellow arrow), vacuolation (loss of intact neurons shown by the dark blue arrow), and altered morphology are visible. The NS1 treatment group showed decreased vacuolation and fewer morphological changes. These results are further improved in NS2 and NS3 when compared with the ischemic (I) and free silymarin treatment group.