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. 2020 Oct 26;14:538404. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.538404

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Copyright © 2020 Rathore, Arora, Rastogi, Akhtar, Singh and Samim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Photograph (40×) shows immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in the control (C), ischemic (I), and treatment groups of nanosilymarin formulations NS1 (10 μg/kg b.wt), NS2 (100 μg/kg b.wt), NS3 (1,000 μg/kg b.wt), and free silymarin (Sil) (100 mg/kg b.wt). The control (C) group showed no expression for the NF-κB marker, whereas the ischemic (I) group shows maximum expression. Treatments NS1 and NS2 showed moderate expression but less than free silymarin; NS3 shows minimum expression. (B) Quantification of NF-κB expression intensity as optical density (OD). The experiment was conducted for n = 3 data sets, and results are shown as mean ± SEM. Results on comparison with the control group showed a significant difference (^###p < 0.001). Results obtained showed significant difference from the ischemic group (^∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ^nsp > 0.05).