Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, laboratory data and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients
| All patients (n = 119) |
Non-AKI (n = 68) |
Mild AKI (n = 17) |
Severe AKI (n = 34) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | summary | n | summary | n | summary | n | summary | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, years | 119 | 70 (59–77) | 68 | 70(55–80) | 17 | 66 (57–74) | 34 | 71 (65–78) |
| Male patients, % | 119 | 73 (61.3) | 68 | 40 (58.8) | 17 | 11 (64.7) | 34 | 22 (64.7) |
| Any comorbidity, % | 119 | 69 (58.0) | 68 | 36 (52.9) | 17 | 12 (70.6) | 34 | 21 (61.8) |
| Chronic lung disease, % | 119 | 10 (8.4) | 68 | 4 (5.9) | 17 | 3 (17.6) | 34 | 3 (8.8) |
| Diabetes, % | 119 | 30 (25.2) | 68 | 15 (22.1) | 17 | 6 (35.3) | 34 | 9 (26.5) |
| Hypertension, % | 119 | 49 (41.2) | 68 | 26 (38.2) | 17 | 8 (47.1) | 34 | 15 (44.1) |
| Tumor, % | 119 | 7 (5.9) | 68 | 5 (7.4) | 17 | 0 (0) | 34 | 2 (5.9) |
| APACHE II score | 119 | 9 (6–13) | 68 | 9 (6–15) | 17 | 9 (6–12) | 34 | 7 (6–12) |
| SOFA score | 119 | 3 (2–4) | 68 | 3 (2–4) | 17 | 3 (1–4) | 34 | 3 (2–5) |
|
| ||||||||
| Laboratory data | ||||||||
| Leukocyte count, ×109/L | 119 | 8.5 (6.2–13) | 68 | 8.8 (6.2–13.2) | 17 | 9.1 (5.5–16.4) | 34 | 8.1 (7.1–11.0) |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 119 | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 68 | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 17 | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) | 34 | 0.7 (0.4–0.9) |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 119 | 170 (125–263) | 68 | 172 (127–271) | 17 | 150 (123–279) | 34 | 173 (118–252) |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 119 | 11.8 (8.6–18.6) | 68 | 11.8 (8.5–18.9) | 17 | 10.4 (7.1–15.5) | 34 | 12.3 (10.2–17.1) |
| d-dimer, mg/L | 113 | 2.8 (1.3–15.8) | 66 | 2.7 (1.4–14.8) | 17 | 4.6 (1.1–21.0) | 30 | 3.1 (1.4–15.8) |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 98 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 59 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 14 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 25 | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 110 | 74 (38–129) | 62 | 74 (30–149) | 17 | 65 (35–111) | 31 | 93 (63–121) |
| Lactose dehydrogenase, U/L | 119 | 456 (307–570) | 68 | 431 (305–538) | 17 | 461 (292–704) | 34 | 466 (348–592) |
| Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 119 | 69 (54–85) | 68 | 68 (50–85) | 17 | 74 (58–89) | 34 | 68 (56–82) |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | 79 | 40 (14–99) | 51 | 37 (14–115) | 11 | 19 (9–43) | 17 | 62 (31–119) |
| Interleukin-8, pg/mL | 79 | 24 (15–48) | 51 | 23 (14–42) | 11 | 17 (10–28) | 17 | 55 (24–93) |
| Interleukin-10, pg/mL | 79 | 8.6 (5–13.5) | 51 | 8.2 (5.0–11.1) | 11 | 5.0 (5.0–13.5) | 17 | 10.5 (7.2–15.3) |
| Interleukin-2 receptor, U/mL | 79 | 994 (644–1,266) | 51 | 944 (496–1,431) | 11 | 866 (378–1,079) | 17 | 1,087 (976–1,317) |
| Tumor necrosis factor α, pg/mL | 79 | 9.5 (7.1–12.6) | 51 | 9.3 (7.2–13.2) | 11 | 8.3 (6.7–9.6) | 17 | 10.7 (7.3–13.3) |
|
| ||||||||
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Mechanical ventilation, % | 119 | 106 (89.1) | 68 | 56 (82.4) | 17 | 17 (100) | 34 | 33 (97.1) |
| Non-invasive, % | 119 | 94 (79.0) | 68 | 49 (72.1) | 17 | 16 (94.1) | 34 | 29 (85.3) |
| Invasive, % | 119 | 63 (52.9) | 68 | 30 (44.1) | 17 | 10 (58.8) | 34 | 23 (67.6) |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 119 | 22 (13–42) | 68 | 21 (9–38) | 17 | 38 (18–55) | 34 | 20 (13–33) |
| 14-day mortality, % | 119 | 35 (29.4) | 68 | 20 (29.4) | 17 | 3 (17.6) | 34 | 12 (35.3) |
| 28-day mortality, % | 119 | 57 (47.9) | 68 | 27 (39.7) | 17 | 8 (47.1) | 34 | 22 (64.7) |
| In-hospital mortality, % | 119 | 67 (56.3) | 68 | 31 (45.6) | 17 | 9 (52.9) | 34 | 27 (79.4) |
AKI, acute kidney injury; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; APACHE, acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.