Table 3.
Univariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for severe AKI in critically ill COVID-19 patients
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (≥65 vs. <65 years) | 1.94 | 0.81–4.67 | 0.137 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 1.22 | 0.54–2.79 | 0.634 |
| Diabetes (yes vs. no) | 1.10 | 0.44–2.72 | 0.841 |
| Hypertension (yes vs. no) | 1.18 | 0.53–2.65 | 0.680 |
| APACHE II score | 0.95 | 0.88–1.02 | 0.162 |
| SOFA score | 1.01 | 0.86–1.18 | 0.907 |
| Leukocyte count × 109/L (>10 vs. ≤10) | 0.74 | 0.32–1.72 | 0.481 |
| Lymphocyte count × 109/L (<1.0 vs. ≥1.0) | 0.87 | 0.30–2.51 | 0.792 |
| Platelet count × 109/L (<100 vs. ≥100) | 0.85 | 0.28–2.58 | 0.774 |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L (>20 vs. ≤20) | 0.92 | 0.33–2.60 | 0.881 |
| D-dimer, mg/L (≥0.5 vs. <0.5) | 0.46 | 0.10–2.17 | 0.323 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL (≥0.5 vs. <0.5) | 0.49 | 0.10–2.38 | 0.377 |
| Lactose dehydrogenase, U/L (>245 vs. ≤245) | 1.48 | 0.45–4.86 | 0.519 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L (>74 vs. ≤74) | 1.31 | 0.57–3.02 | 0.525 |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL (>44 vs. ≤44) | 2.91 | 0.92–9.27 | 0.070 |
| Interleukin-8, pg/mL (>24 vs. ≤24) | 4.21 | 1.23–14.38 | 0.022 |
| Interleukin-10, pg/mL (>9 vs. ≤9) | 3.32 | 1.04–10.59 | 0.042 |
| Interleukin-2 receptor, U/mL (>1,049 vs. ≤1,049) | 4.50 | 1.32–15.38 | 0.016 |
| Tumor necrosis factor α, pg/mL (>10 vs. ≤10) | 2.23 | 0.73–6.78 | 0.159 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. APACHE, acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment, hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.