Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data
| All subjects (n = 131) | SARS-CoV-2 not identified (n = 88) | SARS-CoV-2 identified (n = 43) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender | 0.846 | |||
| Female | 38 (29.01) | 26 (29.55) | 12 (27.91) | |
| Male | 93 (70.99) | 62 (70.45) | 31 (72.09) | |
| Age | ||||
| <65 years | 68 (51.91) | 38 (43.18) | 30 (69.77) | 0.009 |
| 65–75 years | 34 (25.95) | 25 (28.41) | 9 (20.93) | |
| >75 years | 39 (22.14) | 25 (28.41) | 4 (9.30) | |
| Age, years | 64.65 (53.71–73.98) | 67.01 (56.14–78.56) | 55.85 (51.20–66.87) | 0.004 |
| Medical center | 0.218 | |||
| Novara | 48 (36.64) | 28 (31.82) | 20 (46.51) | |
| Torino | 77 (58.78) | 55 (62.50) | 22 (51.16) | |
| Vercelli | 6 (4.58) | 5 (5.68) | 1 (2.33) | |
| Hospital unit | ||||
| Intern ward | 83 (63.36) | 64 (72.73) | 19 (44.19) | 0.0008 |
| Subintensive | 36 (27.48) | 21 (23.86) | 15 (34.88) | |
| Intensive care unit | 12 (9.16) | 3 (3.41) | 9 (20.93) | |
| Clinical data | ||||
| Number of days | ||||
| From nasopharyngeal swab to bronchoscopy | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–4) | 0.0062 |
| From symptoms' onset to bronchoscopy | 15 (8–31) | 20 (9.5–33.5) | 12 (7–20) | 0.0221 |
| Indications for bronchoscopy | ||||
| Suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection | 86 (65.65) | 54 (61.36) | 32 (74.42) | 0.034 |
| Alternative diagnosis | 17 (12.89) | 15 (17.05) | 2 (4.65) | |
| Suspected superinfection | 26 (19.85) | 19 (21.59) | 7 (16.28) | |
| Lung atelectasis | 2 (1.53) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.65) | |
| Nasopharyngeal swab | ||||
| Double-negative | 120 (91.60) | 87 (98.86) | 33 (76.74) | <0.0001 |
| At least 1 positive | 11 (8.40) | 1 (1.14) | 10 (23.26) | |
| Blood analysis | ||||
| White blood cell count, ×103/µL | 8.11 (5.98–13.27) | 8.44 (6.48–13.40) | 7.15 (5.88–10.90) | 0.3364 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 7.40 (2–12.30) | 6.80 (1.36–12.00) | 8.74 (4.05–15.80) | 0.0208 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.22 (0.08–0.90) | 0.28 (0.08–0.80) | 0.16 (0.08–0.90) | 0.6675 |
Values express n (%) or median (IQR).