Table 2.
Factors associated with anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Namibia.
| Variables | Univariablew | Multivariablew | Multivariablenw | Multivariablewc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR[95%CI] | OR[95%CI] | OR[95%CI] | OR[95%CI] | |
| Age (in months) | ||||
| 6-11 (n=224) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 12-23 (n=395) | 1.06 [0.72-1.57] | 0.86 [0.57-1.31] | 0.89 [0.60-1.31] | 0.97 [0.68-1.38] |
| 24-35 (n=341) | 0.58 [0.40-0.84] | 0.49 [0.32-0.76] | 0.47 [0.31-0.70] | 0.54 [0.38-0.77] |
| 36-47 (n=304) | 0.37 [0.25-0.55] | 0.29 [0.19-0.45] | 0.27 [0.18-0.41] | 0.33 [0.23-0.48] |
| 48-59 (n=273) | 0.25 [0.16-0.39] | 0.21 [0.13-0.35] | 0.20 [0.13-0.31] | 0.27 [0.18-0.40] |
| Sex | ||||
| Boys (n=751) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Girls (n=786) | 0.78 [0.62-0.98] | 0.73 [0.56-0.95] | 0.75 [0.60-0.94] | 0.83 [0.68-1.01] |
| Place of Residence | ||||
| Urban (n=633) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural (n=904) | 1.11 [0.87-1.43] | 0.79 [0.56-1.10] | 0.76 [0.57-1.01] | 0.87 [0.64-1.18] |
| Wealth quintile | ||||
| Richest (n=180) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Richer (n=324) | 1.47 [0.98-2.20] | 1.32 [0.82-2.13] | 1.65 [1.06-2.55] | 1.15 [0.78-1.67] |
| Middle (n=331) | 1.74 [1.17-2.58] | 1.66 [1.01-2.72] | 2.06 [1.28-3.31] | 1.38 [0.91-2.10] |
| Poor (n=328) | 1.97 [1.33-2.91] | 2.22 [1.28-3.84] | 2.77 [1.70-4.53] | 1.58 [1.02-2.46] |
| Poorest (n=374) | 1.64 [1.13-2.38] | 1.75 [0.98-3.14] | 2.19 [1.30-3.68] | 1.47 [0.93-2.34] |
| Mother’s education | ||||
| Secondary (n=964) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Higher (n=60) | 0.59 [0.34-1.03] | 0.81 [0.43-1.52] | 1.06 [0.57-1.96] | - |
| Primary (n=385) | 1.09 [0.83-1.44] | 1.05 [0.8-1.44] | 1.18 [0.89-1.56] | - |
| No education (n=128) | 0.84 [0.55-1.29] | 0.99 [0.61-1.60] | 1.19 [0.77-1.86] | - |
| Vitamin A | ||||
| Yes (n=1319) | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| No (n=183) | 1.05 [0.73-1.52] | 1.20 [0.78-1.83] | 1.23 [0.86-1.76] | - |
| Deworming | ||||
| Yes (n=672) | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| No (n=792) | 0.91 [0.71-1.18] | 0.79 [0.59-1.07] | 0.87 [0.69-1.10] | - |
| Stunting | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.17 [0.88-1.54] | 1.08 [0.75-1.55] | 1.17 [0.87-1.59] | 1.15 [0.90-1.47] |
| Underweight | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.01 [0.71-1.44] | 0.98 [0.61-1.56] | 0.85 [0.58-1.26] | 1.03 [0.73-1.45] |
| Wasting | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.52 [0.97-2.37] | 0.88 [0.52-1.47] | 0.99 [0.62-1.58] | 1.10 [0.72-1.68] |
wSample weights from the Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2013 applied to analyses (n=1383). nwSample weights not applied for analyses (n=1383). wcSample weights were applied with complimentary analyses that included all children who had been evaluated for anemia . Mother’s education, use of Vitamin A medication and use of deworming medication were excluded from analyses (n=2208). Statistical significances (P<0.05) are noted in italics.