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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Safety Res. 2020 Mar 10;73:111–118. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.019

Table 2.

Distributions of driver characteristics by rurality, all crashes (n = 8466).

Characteristic Total Urban
n (%)
Suburban
n (%)
Town
n (%)
Remote Rural
n (%)
Chi-square*
p-value
Driver age
 14 years old 1,579 (19%) 765 (18%) 112 (20%) 472 (19%) 230 (20%) 0.12
 15 years old 6,887 (81%) 3,562 (82%) 456 (80%) 1970 (81%) 899 (80%) 0.44
Driver gender
 Female 4,012 (48%) 2,053 (48%) 260 (46%) 1,181 (49%) 518 (46%)
 Male 4,425 (52%) 2,252 (52%) 307 (54%) 1,256 (51%) 610 (54%)
 Missing 29 (0.3% of all crashes)
Injury status
 Fatal/incapacitating 145 (2%) 58 (1%) 6 (1%) 57 (2%) 24 (2%) <0.0001
 Non-incapacitating/possible 1,679 (20%) 755 (18%) 104 (18%) 541 (22%) 279 (25%)
 No Injury 6,642 (78%) 3,514 (81%) 458 (81%) 1,844 (76%) 826 (73%)
Occupant protection
 None used 237 (4%) 96 (3%) 13 (4%) 91 (6%) 37 (5%) 0.0021
 Should & lap belt 5,305 (95%) 2859 (96%) 353 (95%) 1455 (93%) 638 (93%)
 Lap belt 24 (0.4%) 11 (0.4%) 1 (0.3%) 7 (0.5%) 5 (1%)
 Shoulder belt 20 (0.4%) 6 (0.2%) 3 (1%) 6 (0.4%) 5 (1%)
 Other 9 (0.2%) 3 (0.1%) 1 (0.3%) 4 (0.3%) 1 (0.2%)
 Missing 2871 (51% of crashes)
Driver contributing circumstance
 No error 1,824 (23%) 956 (24%) 125 (23%) 490 (21%) 253 (24%) <0.0001
 FTYROW 1,395 (18%) 707 (18%) 115 (21%) 402 (18%) 171 (16%)
 Improper action 1,214 (15%) 682 (17%) 66 (12%) 320 (14%) 146 (14%)
 Failure to obey traffic signals 296 (4%) 182 (5%) 25 (5%) 70 (3%) 19 (2%)
 Speeding 1,021 (13%) 488 (12%) 72 (13%) 314 (14%) 147 (14%)
 Lost control 1,718 (22%) 806 (20%) 112 (21%) 527 (23%) 273 (25%)
 Other 465 (6%) 195 (5%) 29 (5%) 171 (7%) 70 (7%)
 Missing 533 (7% of crashes)
Passengers
 No passengers 7,491 (89%) 3,886 (91%) 516 (92%) 2115 (88%) 974 (88%) 0.0017
 One teen passenger only 417 (5%) 183 (4%) 25 (4%) 149 (6%) 60 (5%)
 Multiple teen passengers only 157 (2%) 67 (2%) 12 (2%) 46 (2%) 32 (3%)
 At least one adult passenger 271 (3%) 136 (3%) 11 (2%) 85 (4%) 39 (4%)
 Missing 103 (2% of crashes)
*

Test for independence.