Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of patients with AKI who had improved renal function and those without during hospitalization
| Characteristic | Patients with AKI(N = 92) | Improved(n = 16) | Not improved(n = 76) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 65 (59–73) | 63 (49–66) | 65 (61–74) | 0.065 |
| Time from admission to diagnosis of AKI, (day) | 9 (5–12) | 5 (3–9) | 9 (6–14) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.059 | |||
| Female | 30 (32.6) | 2 (12.5) | 28 (36.8) | – |
| Male | 62 (67.4) | 14 (87.5) | 48 (63.2) | – |
| KDIGO staging | ||||
| 1 | 13 (14.1) | 3 (18.8) | 10 (13.2) | 0.850 |
| 2 | 15 (16.3) | 3 (18.8) | 12 (15.8) | > 0.999 |
| 3 | 64 (69.6) | 10 (62.5) | 54 (71.1) | 0.706 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 45 (48.9) | 8 (50.0) | 37 (48.7) | 0.924 |
| Diabetes | 23 (25.0) | 6 (37.5) | 17 (22.4) | 0.341 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 9 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (11.8) | 0.324 |
| Malignancy | 10 (10.9) | 2 (12.50) | 8 (10.5) | 0.651 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 12 (5.7) | 12 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.999 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 6 (6.5) | 3 (18.8) | 3 (4.0) | 0.063 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 2 (2.2) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (1.3) | NA |
| Connective Tissue Disease | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.6) | NA |
| Complication | ||||
| Sepsis | 72 (78.3) | 10 (62.5) | 62 (81.6) | 0.178 |
| Right heart failurea | 28 (30.4) | 9 (56.3) | 19 (25.0) | 0.030 |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 27 (29.4) | 5 (31.3) | 22 (29.0) | > 0.999 |
| Treatment | ||||
| CRRT | 52 (56.5) | 9 (56.3) | 43 (56.6) | 0.981 |
| Drug with Nephrotoxicity | 38 (41.3) | 7 (43.8) | 31 (40.8) | 0.827 |
| Respiratory support: COT | 2 (2.2) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (1.3) | NA |
| Respiratory support: HFN | 6 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (7.9) | NA |
| Respiratory support: NIV | 4 (4.4) | 1 (6.25) | 3 (4.0) | NA |
| Respiratory support: IMV | 80 (87.0) | 14 (87.5) | 66 (86.8) | > 0.999 |
| Laboratory Findingsb | ||||
| Baseline serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 75.5 (59.8–102.8) | 88.6 (54.4–229.8) | 72.3 (61.8–90.8) | 0.169 |
| Maximum PaCO2 (mmHg) | 69.5 (46.8–81.3) | 65.5 (51.7–76.0) | 72.0 (46.8–82.0) | 0.881 |
| Maximum PaCO2 > = 60 mmHg | 55 (59.8) | 9 (56.3) | 46 (60.5) | 0.751 |
| Minimum PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 73.0 (62.8–138.6) | 133.5 (106.0–230.0) | 67.0 (62.0–88.8) | < 0.001 |
| Minimum PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg | 70 (76.1) | 9 (56.3) | 61 (80.3) | 0.085 |
| Maximum IL-6 (pg/ml) | 17.9 (12.6–33.5) | 18.0 (14.0–97.3) | 17.9 (12.1–31.5) | 0.323 |
| Maximum serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 2001.0 (1329.6–2001.0) | 2001.0 (1922.2–2001.0) | 2001.00 (1296.5–2001.0) | 0.889 |
Data in bold indicated the comparisons with statistical significance
a Right heart failure: defined according to the clinical diagnosis and ultrasonographic manifestations. & Drugs with Nephrotoxicity: mainly included aminoglycosides, glycopeptides and colistin. b, Data were collected before the development of AKI among patients who had developed AKI; The most abnormal data during hospitalization were presented among patients who did not develop AKI. PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2 ratio: the ratio between the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the inspiratory concentration of oxygen