Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of patients with AKI who had survived and those not
| Characteristic | Total(N = 210) | Non-survivor(n = 93) | Survivor(n = 117) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), yrs | 64 (56–71) | 66 (61–73) | 62 (53–69) | 0.002 |
| Sex | 0.997 | |||
| Female | 79 (37.6) | 35 (37.6) | 44 (37.6) | – |
| Male | 131 (62.4) | 58 (62.4) | 73 (62.4) | – |
| Severity of Covid-19 | < 0.001 | |||
| Severe | 60 (28.6) | 1 (1.1) | 59 (50.4) | – |
| Critical | 150 (71.4) | 92 (98.9) | 58 (49.6) | – |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 98 (46.7) | 43 (46.2) | 55 (47.0) | 0.911 |
| Diabetes | 44 (21.0) | 21 (22.6) | 23 (19.7) | 0.605 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 23 (11.0) | 10 (10.8) | 13 (11.1) | 0.934 |
| Malignancy | 14 (6.7) | 9 (9.7) | 5 (4.3) | 0.119 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 12 (5.7) | 7 (7.5) | 5 (4.3) | 0.313 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 10 (4.8) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (6.0) | 0.545 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 5 (2.4) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (2.6) | NA |
| Connective Tissue Disease | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.9) | NA |
| Complication | ||||
| Sepsis | 112 (53.3) | 72 (77.4) | 40 (34.2) | < 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 92 (43.8) | 65 (69.9) | 27 (23.1) | < 0.001 |
| AKI KDIGO stage 1 | 13 (6.2) | 6 (6.5) | 7 (6.0) | 0.889 |
| AKI KDIGO stage 2 | 15 (7.1) | 10 (10.8) | 5 (4.3) | 0.070 |
| AKI KDIGO stage 3 | 64 (30.5) | 49 (52.7) | 15 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
| Right heart failurea | 44 (21.0) | 25 (26.9) | 19 (16.2) | 0.060 |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 32 (15.2) | 26 (28.0) | 6 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Continuous renal replacement therapy | 54 (25.7) | 39 (41.9) | 15 (12.82) | < 0.001 |
| Drug with Nephrotoxicity | 52 (24.8) | 28 (30.1) | 24 (20.51) | 0.110 |
| Respiratory support: COT | 41 (19.5) | 0 (0.00) | 41 (35.04) | 0.287 |
| Respiratory support: HFN | 22 (10.5) | 3 (3.23) | 19 (16.24) | 0.002 |
| Respiratory support: NIV | 29 (13.8) | 10 (10.75) | 19 (16.24) | 0.252 |
| Respiratory support: IMV | 118 (56.2) | 80 (86.0) | 38 (32.5) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory Findings | ||||
| Baseline Scr(umol/L) | 69.7 (55.9–85.9) | 71.1 (58.4–90.8) | 69.0 (54.4–81.3) | 0.165 |
| Maximum PaCO2(mmHg) | 52.0 (39.0–73.8) | 71.0 (54.0–79.0) | 43.0 (38.0–54.0) | < 0.001 |
| Maximum PaCO2 > = 60 mmHg | 82 (39.1) | 61 (65.6) | 21 (18.0) | < 0.001 |
| Minimum P/F(mmHg) | 109.0 (65.0–207.7) | 65.0 (58.0–75.9) | 190.0 (130.0–220.0) | < 0.001 |
| Minimum P/F < 150 mmHg | 116 (55.2) | 82 (88.2) | 34 (29.1) | < 0.001 |
| Maximum IL-6 (pg/ml) | 14.3 (9.9–24.9) | 17.2 (11.7–31.2) | 13.6 (9.3–22.2) | 0.031 |
| Maximum serum ferritin (ng/ml) | 1607.8 (786.2–2001.0) | 2001.0 (1130.0–2001.0) | 1000.7 (590.2–2001.0) | < 0.001 |
Right heart failure: defined according to the clinical diagnosis and ultrasonographic manifestations. & Drugs with Nephrotoxicity: mainly included aminoglycosides, glycopeptides and colistin. a, Data were collected before the development of AKI among patients who had developed AKI; The most abnormal data during hospitalization were presented among patients who did not develop AKI. PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2 ratio: the ratio between the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the inspiratory concentration of oxygen
Data in bold indicated the comparisons with statistical significance
Non-survivor: Deceased within 28 days of ICU admission