Table 3.
Results of Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis to Identify Determinants of Frequency of Antenatal Care Visits
| Variables | ANC Frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 ANC (%) | ≥4 ANC (%) |
p-value | COR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
| Women’s education status (n=432) | |||||
| Unable to read or write | 149 (90.2) | 24 (13.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Able to read or write | 32 (72.5) | 19 (37.3) | <0.001 | 3.7 (1.8–7.5)a | 1.8 (0.7–4.6) |
| Primary level of education | 110 (77.4) | 45 (29) | 0.001 | 2.5 (1.5–4.4)a | 0,9 (0.4–2.1) |
| Secondary and above | 32 (73.6) | 21 (39.6) | <0.001 | 4.1 (2.0– 8.2)a | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) |
| Respondents age (n=432) | |||||
| 18–24 | 67 (78) | 26 (22) | 0.02 | 3.1 (1.2–8.1)a | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) |
| 25–29 | 141 (71.6) | 56 (28.4) | 0.01 | 3.2 (1.3–7.8)a | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) |
| 30–34 | 67 (76.1) | 21 (23.9) | 0.06 | 2.5 (0.9–6.7)a | 0.6 (0.2–2.3) |
| ≥35 | 48 (88.9) | 6 (11.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Husbands education | |||||
| Unable to read and write | 92 (86.8) | 14 (13.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Able to read and write | 56 (87.5) | 8 (12.5) | 0.894 | 0.9 (0.4–2.4) | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) |
| Primary level of education | 127 (66.1) | 65 (33.9) | <0.001 | 3.4 (1.8–6.4)a | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) |
| Secondary and above | 48 (68.6) | 22 (31.4) | 0.004 | 3.0 (1.4–6.4)a | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) |
| Wealth index (n=432) | |||||
| Lowest | 41 (71.9) | 16 (28.1) | 1 | ||
| Second | 116 (96.7) | 4 (3.3) | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.03–0.3) | |
| Moderate | 53 (65.4) | 28 (34.6) | 0.42 | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | |
| Fourth | 56 (63.6) | 32 (36.4) | 0.31 | 1.5 (0.7–3.0) | |
| Highest | 57 (66.3) | 29 (33.7) | 0.47 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | |
| Women’s employment status (n=432) | |||||
| Nonemployed | 191 (71.5) | 76 (28.5) | 1 | ||
| Employed | 132 (80) | 33 (20) | 0.05 | 0.6 (0.4–1.0)a | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| Means of transportation (n=432) | |||||
| By foot | 268 (74.7) | 91 (25.3) | 1 | ||
| By motorcycle/car | 55 (75.3) | 18 (24.7) | 0.901 | 0.9 (0.6–1.7) | |
| Perceived required time to reach health facilities (n=432) | |||||
| ≥30 min | 159 (91.1) | 21 (11.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| <30 min | 164 (74.6) | 88 (34.9) | <0.001 | 4.0 (2.4–6.9)a | 3.3 (1.8–6.1)b |
| Exposure to mass media (n=432) | |||||
| No | 148 (77.1) | 44 (22.9) | |||
| Yes | 175 (72.9) | 65 (27.1) | 0.32 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | |
| Women decision making (n=432) | |||||
| Autonomous | 256 (74.4) | 88 (25.6) | 0.74 | 1.1 (0.6,–1.9) | |
| Nonautonomous | 67 (76.1) | 21 (23.9) | |||
| Membership of CBHI (n=432) | |||||
| No | 168 (80) | 42 (20) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 155 (69.7) | 67 (30.2) | 0.015 | 1.7 (1.1–2.7)a | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) |
| Prepregnancy utilization of contraception (n=432) | |||||
| No | 120 (86.3) | 19 (13.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 203 (69.3) | 90 (30.7) | <0.001 | 8.5 (4.0–18.0)a | 4.0 (1.7–9.2)b |
| Knowledge on key pregnancy danger signs (n=432) | |||||
| Not knowledgeable | 203 (77.8) | 58 (22.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Knowledgeable | 120 (70.2) | 51 (29.8) | 0.07 | 1.5 (0.9–2.3)a | 1.6 (0.9–2.6) |
| Birth order (n=432) | |||||
| First | 52 (71.2) | 21 (28.8) | 0.16 | 1.6 (0.8–3.0)a | 1.5 (0.7–3.4) |
| Second | 72 (75.8) | 23 (24.2) | 0.47 | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) |
| Third | 85 (70.2) | 36 (29.8) | 0.07 | 1.6 (0.9–3.0)a | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) |
| Four and above | 114 (79.7) | 29 (20.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Desire on pregnancy (n=432) | |||||
| Not planned | 81 (81.8) | 18 (18.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Planned | 242 (72.7) | 91 (27.3) | <0.001 | 6.5 (2.7–15.4)a | 2.6 (1.1–6.9)b |
| ANC provider (n=432) | |||||
| Skilled | 196 (70) | 84 (30) | 0.002 | 2.2 (1.3–3.6)a | 1.8 (1.1–3.2)b |
| Nonskilled | 127 (85.6) | 25 (16.4) | |||
| Time for first ANC booking (n=432) | |||||
| At or after 16 weeks | 277 (81.5) | 63 (18.5) | 1 | ||
| Before 16 weeks | 46 (50) | 46 (50) | <0.001 | 4.4 (2.7–7.2)a | 3.8 (2.2–6.7)b |
| BPCR (n=432) | |||||
| Not-well prepared | 239 (79.4) | 62 (20.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Well Prepared | 84 (64.1) | 47 (35.9) | 0.001 | 2.2 (1.4–3.4)a | 1.3 (0.8–2.3) |
Notes: p-value, aindicates variable candidates for multivariate logistic regression; p-value, bindicates variables significant in multivariate logistic regression; 1 reference category.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio.