Table 6.
Bivariable and Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis Among Neonates Admitted at Central Gonad Zone Primary Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
| Variables | Neonatal Sepsis N (%) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| Residence | Urban | 105 (31.1) | 38 (11.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 114 (33.7) | 81 (24) | 0.51 (0.32, 0.81) | 0.75 (0.34, 1.66) | |
| Parity | I | 97 (28.7) | 39 (11.5) | 1.49 (0.90, 2.47) | 1.21 (0.41, 3.62) |
| II | 32 (9.7) | 26 (7.7) | 0.74 (0.398, 1.370) | 0.58 (0.18, 1.88) | |
| III | 90 (26.6) | 54 (16) | 1 | 1 | |
| Duration of labor | < 6 hours | 82 (24.3) | 36 (10.7) | 1 | 1 |
| 6–12 hours | 41 (12.1) | 46 (13.6) | 0.39 (0.22, 0.69) | 0.47 (0.181, 1.19) | |
| 12 −24 hours | 75 (22.2) | 33 (9.8) | 0.99 (0.57, 1.76) | 0.66 (0.25, 1.77) | |
| >24 hours | 21 (9.6) | 4 (3.4) | 2.31 (0.74, 7.19) | 1.02 (0.21, 4.93) | |
| Frequency of PV examination | ≤ 3 times | 84 (24.9) | 59 (17.5) | 1 | 1 |
| >3 times | 135 (39.9) | 60 (17.8) | 1.58 (1.01, 2.48) | 6.06 (2.45, 14.99)** | |
| Sex of neonate | Male | 139 (41.1) | 61 (18) | 1.65 (1.05, 2.59) | 3.73 (1.76, 7.89)** |
| Female | 80 (23.7) | 58 (17.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Gestational age | < 37 weeks | 66 (19.5) | 54 (16) | 0.52 (0.32, 0.82) | 0.98 (0.35, 2.78) |
| 37–42 weeks | 153 (45.3) | 65 (19.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| History of birth asphyxia | Yes | 31 (9.2) | 25 (7.4) | 0.62 (0.35, 1.11) | 0.55 (0.18, 1.68) |
| No | 188 (55.6) | 94 (27.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| History of oxygen administration | Yes | 45 (13.3) | 16 (4.4) | 1.67 (0.89, 3.09) | 2.06 (0.642, 6.59) |
| No | 174 (51.5) | 103 (30.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| History of NG tube insertion | Yes | 20 (5.9) | 1 (0.3) | 11.86 (1.57, 89.51) | 10.36 (0.81, 132.78) |
| No | 199 (58.9) | 118 (34.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| History IV catheterization | Yes | 42 (12.4) | 8 (2.4) | 3.29 (1.49, 7.27) | 2.81 (0.89, 8.93) |
| No | 177 (52.4) | 111 (32.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| History of neonatal resuscitation | Yes | 37 (10.9) | 12 (3.6) | 1.81 (0.91, 3.63) | 6.11 (1.71, 21.84) * |
| No | 182 (53.8) | 107 (31.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Training of Health workers | Yes | 112 (33.1) | 39 (11.5) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 107 (31.7) | 80 (23.7) | 2.17 (1.35, 3.42) | 2.14 (1.04, 4.44)* | |
| Marital status | Married | 204 (60.4) | 118 (34.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Not married | 15 (4.4) | 1 (0.3) | 8.68 (1.13, 66.52) | 0.14 (0.01, 1.42) | |
| Maternal age category | 15 −19 yrs. | 36 (10.7) | 10 (3) | 1.14 (0.44, 2.95) | 0 0.97 (0.16, 5.95) |
| 20 −24 yrs. | 51 (15.1) | 31 (9.2) | 0.52 (0.24, 1.14) | 0.32 (0.07, 1.57) | |
| 25–29 yrs. | 76 (25.5) | 38 (11.2) | 0.63 (0.29, 1.35) | 0.63 (0.18, 2.29) | |
| 30 −34 yrs. | 18 (5.3) | 28 (8.3) | 0.20 (0.08, 0.49) | 0.19 (0.05, 0.81)* | |
| ≥ 35 yrs. | 38 (11.20) | 12 (3.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| VDRL test result | Reactive | 17 (5) | 3 (0.9) | 2.62 (0.75, 9.18) | 1.33 (0.18, 10.13) |
| Unknown | 16 (4.7) | 30 (8.9) | 0.25 (0.13, 0. 48) | 0.31 (0.11, 0.92) | |
| Non-reactive | 186 (55) | 86 (25.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| History of UTIs | Yes | 10 (3) | 5 (1.5) | 1.01 (0.34, 3.03) | 6.26 (1.16, 33.62) * |
| Unknown | 5 (1.5) | 11 (3.3) | 0.23 (0.08, 0.68) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.31)** | |
| Negative | 204 (60.4) | 103 (30.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Birth weight | <1500 g | 24 (7.1) | 19 (5.6) | 0.57 (0.29, 1.14) | 0.76 (0.18, 3.19) |
| 1500–2499 g | 87 (25.7) | 51 (15.1) | 0.77 (0.45, 1.26) | 1.11 (0.40, 3.03) | |
| ≥ 2500 g | 108 (32) | 49 (14.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Foul-smelling vaginal discharge | Yes | 9 (2.7) | 10 (3) | 0.47 (0.18, 1.18) | 0.24 (0.05, 1.08) |
| No | 210 (62.1) | 109 (32.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Neonatal age in days | ≤ 7 days | 163 (48.2) | 115 (34) | 0.10 (0.04, 0.29) | 0 |
| >7 days | 56 (16.60) | 4 (1.2) | 1 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.21)**1 | |
| History of PROM | Yes | 73 (21.6) | 28 (8.3) | 1.62 (0.98, 2.70) | 1.82 (0.706, 4.69) |
| No | 146 (43.2) | 91 (26.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Place of delivery | Home | 14 (4.1) | 14 (4.1) | 0.57 (0.26, 1.26) | 4.06 (0.69, 23.86) |
| Health center | 70 (20.7) | 28 (8.3) | 1.43 (0.85, 2.39) | 3.05 (1.19, 7.79) * | |
| Hospital | 135 (39.9) | 77 (22.8) | 1 | 1 | |
Notes: *Significant at < 0.05 α-values, **Significant at < 0.01 α-value.