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. 2020 Sep 3;19:173. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01436-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Application of B. subtilis for genetic engineering, production of industrial chemicals or enzymes, agriculture, medicine and biomaterials. The CRISPR/cas9 tool has been widely used in the genetic engineering of B. subtilis. The bacterium can be used to produce various industrial enzymes, such as α-amylase, xylanase, lichenase, lipase, cellulase, or pectinase. It can also be used to produce various chemicals, such as riboflavin, menaquinone-7, inositol, or N-acetylglucosamine. In agriculture, it can be used as a feed additive. Biofilms of B. subtilis can be used as a biomaterial in 3D printing. In medicine, B. subtilis can be used to produce vaccines