Table 3.

Association of maternal behavioral factors during pregnancy with childhood respiratory allergies

	All Population Group			Allergen Test Subgroup
	OR (95% CI)			OR (95% CI)
	Crude Model	Adjusted Model I	Adjusted Model II	Crude Model	Adjusted Model I	Adjusted Model II
Male
Sleep duration
< 8 vs. ≥8 h./day	1.477 (1.253–1.741) ***	1.332 (1.117–1.589) ***	1.317 (1.102–1.573) **	1.435 (1.085–1.898) *	1.208 (0.890–1.640)	1.164 (0.811–1.672)
Physical activity
< 1 vs. ≥1 h./day	1.525 (1.260–1.846) **	1.325 (1.079–1.618) **	1.311 (1.066–1.612) *	1.887 (1.326–2.686) ***	1.633 (1.118–2.386) *	1.507 (1.022–2.222) *
Screen exposure
≥ 2 vs. < 2 h./day	1.467 (1.232–1.748) ***	1.157 (0.954–1.403)	1.189 (0.979–1.445)	1.645 (1.195–2.264) **	1.171 (0.823–1.667)	0.966 (0.719–1.298)
Female
Sleep duration
< 8 vs. ≥8 h./day	1.238 (1.025–1.495) *	1.098 (0.900–1.339)	1.072 (0.877–1.310)	1.244 (0.863–1.794)	1.044 (0.709–1.540)	1.019 (0.685–1.515)
Physical activity
< 1 vs. ≥1 h./day	1.148 (0.924–1.428)	1.020 (0.811–1.282)	0.994 (0.789–1.253)	0.973 (0.645–1.467)	0.764 (0.491–1.191)	0.757 (0.482–1.190)
Screen exposure
≥ 2 vs. < 2 h./day	1.421 (1.151–1.754) **	1.147 (0.914–1.438)	1.181 (0.939–1.485)	1.602 (1.030–2.492) *	1.251 (0.781–2.004)	1.256 (0.778–2.027)

OR odds ratios, CI confidence interval

* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Model I adjusted for child’s age, childhood overweight/obesity, child’s sleep duration on weekdays, child’s sleep duration on weekends, child’s exercise frequency, children’s screen exposure frequency, family income, family structure, mother’s education, father’s education, family history of allergic diseases

Model II further adjusted for gestational weeks, delivery mode, full breastfeeding, maternal smoking exposure, maternal drinking, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, mother’s age at delivery, farmlands and orchards near house, chemical discharging near house, factories emitting smoke near house, large garbage dump near house