Figure 1.

Leaf gas-exchange parameters: net photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation. (a), stomatal conductance (b) and dark respiration (c) 7 and 21 days after the beginning of waterlogging. The zero-time point was just before the onset of waterlogging. Non-waterlogged (control) plants are shown with open bars, waterlogged plants with black bars. Gas exchange was carried out under 380 µmol mol⁻¹ CO₂ and 21% O₂ at 400 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPFD. Data are means ± SE (n = 4). Letters stand for significantly different statistical classes (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05 with post-hoc Tukey test). In (c), the asterisk stands for significance (p < 0.05, Welch test) for pair-wise comparison waterlogging vs. control.