Table 5.
Effects of exercise intervention on secondary outcomes (toxicity profile, any grade).
| Allogeneic-HSCT | ||||||
|
Control Group
(n = 39) |
Exercise Group
(n = 47) |
|||||
| Risk of Outcomes | Unadjusted | Adjusted * | Unadjusted | Adjusted * |
Unadjusted between-group Difference
p-Value |
Adjusted * between-group Difference
p-Value |
| Mucositis | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.89 (0.35, 2.23) |
1.57 (0.45, 5.50) |
0.802 | 0.478 |
| Vomiting | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.84 (0.34, 2.07) |
0.80 (0.23, 2.78) |
0.705 | 0.729 |
| Diarrhea | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
1.45 (0.58, 3.66) |
1.21 (0.34, 4.26) |
0.430 | 0.764 |
| Engraftment syndrome | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.79 (0.33, 1.92) |
2.53 (0.66, 9.70) |
0.607 | 0.176 |
| Hemorrhagic cystitis | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.50 (0.13, 1.94) |
0.74 (0.12, 4.46) |
0.312 | 0.741 |
| Neurologic toxicity | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.89 (0.38, 2.13) |
1.02 (0.24, 4.34) |
0.797 | 0.982 |
| Liver toxicity | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.39 (0.13, 1.14) |
0.29 (0.06, 1.39) |
0.086 | 0.121 |
| Renal toxicity | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
0.97 (0.34, 2.74) |
0.83 (0.21, 3.33) |
0.953 | 0.789 |
| Autologous-HSCT | ||||||
|
Control Group
(n = 14) |
Exercise Group
(n = 18) |
|||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted ** | Unadjusted | Adjusted ** |
Unadjusted between-Group Difference
p-Value |
Adjusted ** between-group Difference
p-Value |
|
| Mucositis | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
1.36 (0.23, 8.08) |
2.23 (0.14, 34.98) |
0.733 | 0.569 |
| Vomiting | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
4.50 (0.72, 28.15) |
2.83 (0.35, 22.56) |
0.108 | 0.327 |
| Diarrhea | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
2.24 (0.45, 11.11) |
1.96 (0.28, 13.64) |
0.324 | 0.498 |
| Engraftment syndrome | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
2.19 (0.47, 10.21) |
2.76 (0.39, 19.34) |
0.319 | 0.307 |
| Hemorrhagic cystitis | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
2.38 (0.42, 13.39) |
7.16 (0.59, 87.28) |
0.325 | 0.123 |
| Neurologic toxicity | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
1.50 (0.17, 12.94) |
2.65 (0.15, 48.29) |
0.712 | 0.511 |
| Liver toxicity | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
4.40 (0.77, 25.15) |
10.84 (0.70, 167.13) |
0.096 | 0.088 |
| Renal toxicity | 1.00 (Reference) |
1.00 (Reference) |
2.22 (0.37, 13.54) |
3.84 (0.43, 34.13) |
0.386 | 0.228 |
All data are expressed as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in the exercise group with the control group used as reference for regression analyses. We corrected all the analyses for multiple comparisons using the stringent Bonferroni method; that is, dividing 0.05 by the number of comparisons. Thus, the threshold p-value for statistical significance was set at 0.006 (=0.05/8) for both allogeneic and autologous HSCT. Abbreviation: HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Symbols: * adjusted for group (i.e., exercise or control), graft manipulation (i.e., manipulated or unmanipulated), age at HSCT, sex differences between donor and recipient (i.e., yes or no), conditioning regimen (i.e., myeloablative or nonmyeloablative), source (i.e., peripheral blood or umbilical cord) and origin (i.e., parent, sibling or unrelated donor) of donor cells, graft-versus-host-disease prophylaxis (i.e., cyclosporine or cyclosporine + methylprednisolone), disease status (i.e., 1st, 2nd, >2nd complete remission or not in remission) and human leukocyte antigens match status (i.e., HLA-matched and related, HLA-matched and unrelated, or HLA-mismatched (related or unrelated)); ** adjusted for group, age at HSCT, conditioning regimen, source of donor cells and disease status (those mentioned above for allo-HSCT).