Figure 5.

In vitro nanobody-targeted PDT in co-culture of endothelial and cancer cells. (a) The percentage of cell viability 24 h after illumination relative to the non-treated cells. Murine endothelial cells (MS1) and human cancer cells (OSC) were co-seeded with 1:3 ratio and incubated with different concentrations of VM–PS conjugates targeting VEGFR2 on endothelial cells, and 7D12–PS targeting EGFR on cancer cells for 1 h at 37 °C, then illuminated with 7 mW/cm² fluence rate and a total light dose of 20 J/cm² using a 690-nm diode laser through a 600-µm optic fiber. (b) MS1/OSC co-culture treated with VM2–PS (targeting VEGFR2 on MS1) or 7D12–PS (targeting EGFR on OSC cells) or the mixture of both. Dead cells were stained with propidium iodide 24 h after illumination. MS1 and OSC cells shown with red and black arrows, respectively. Scale bar: 30 μm.