Tumor-derived microparticles (TMPs) from highly metastatic cells or cells exposed to chemotherapy increase cell invasion. (A,B) MDA-MB-231 cells cultured with serum-free medium or TMPs from MDA-MB-231 or LM2-4 cells exposed to paclitaxel (PTX) or vehicle control were assessed for invasion properties using the Boyden chamber assay. Representative images of invading cells are shown in (A). Scale bar, 200 µm. Quantifications of invading cells are shown in (B) (n = 5 repeats and 7 images/repeat). *, differences compared to MDA-MB-231 control. ***, p < 0.001, as assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test.