Table 3.

Model outputs for a random offset multilevel linear regression model in which level 1 = nurse, level 2 = ward

Comparison	Paper: Geo mean (95% CI)	e-Obs: Geo mean (95% CI)	Geometric mean ratio (95% CI)	P value
Ward 1	319 s (225 s–451 s)	117 s (92 s–150 s)	0.37 (0.26–0.53)	<.001
Ward 2	204 s (146 s–285 s)	200 s (159 s–253 s)	0.98 (0.70–1.38)	.91
Ward 3	153 s (109 s–216 s)	143 s (112 s–183 s)	0.93 (0.66–1.33)	.70
Overall	215 s (177 s–262 s)	150 s (130 s–172 s)	0.70 (0.57–0.85)	<.001

A geometric mean ratio <1 implies that the time for observations using e-Obs is less than with paper. The model accounts for correlation between multiple observations of the same nurse.