Table 3.
Odds of patients’ interest in electronically exchanging medical information with HCPs by patient-level characteristics
| Characteristic/ Covariate | Administrative Information Interesta |
General Health Information Interestb |
Private Information Interestc |
Combined Information Interestd |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alle | No online PPCf | Alle | No online PPCf | Alle | No online PPCf | Alle | No online PPCf | |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–34 | 1.92 (1.19-3.11)* | 1.54 (0.82, 2.89) | 1.74 (1.08, 2.80)* | 1.38 (0.84, 2.28) | 2.39 (1.49, 3.84)* | 2.12 (1.28, 3.49)* | 1.57 (1.01, 2.45)* | 1.18 (0.71, 1.98) |
| 35–49 | 1.74 (1.22-2.49)* | 1.43 (0.89-2.30) | 1.82 (1.17-2.83)* | 1.43 (0.85-2.42) | 2.24 (1.42-3.54)* | 1.99 (1.16-3.40)* | 2.05 (1.39-3.02)* | 1.48 (0.92-2.37) |
| 50–64 | 1.21 (0.84-1.73) | 1.01 (0.64-1.61) | 1.09 (0.72-1.65) | 0.89 (0.54-1.45) | 1.27 (0.84-1.90) | 1.13 (0.69-1.83) | 1.20 (0.82-1.74) | 0.87 (0.54-1.40) |
| 65+ | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 0.80 (0.59-1.08) | 0.78 (0.55-1.12) | 1.05 (0.83-1.32) | 1.02 (0.75-1.37) | 0.83 (0.64-1.06) | 0.90 (0.68-1.19) | 0.85 (0.67-1.08) | 0.85 (0.63-1.14) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| NH-white | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Hispanic | 2.65 (1.74-4.05)* | 2.86 (1.75-4.68)* | 1.68 (1.13-2.50)* | 1.57 (0.98-2.50) | 1.23 (0.84-1.80) | 1.28 (0.81-2.02) | 1.64 (1.11-2.43)* | 1.62 (0.99-2.65) |
| NH-black | 2.50 (1.56-4.00)* | 2.91 (1.64-5.14)* | 1.35 (0.84-2.17) | 1.40 (0.81-2.40) | 0.89 (0.58-1.37) | 1.14 (0.66-1.98) | 1.35 (0.89-2.03) | 1.55 (0.93-2.58) |
| NH-other | 1.35 (0.86-2.11) | 1.15 (0.69-1.93) | 1.24 (0.80-1.93) | 0.99 (0.60-1.65) | 1.08 (0.67-1.72) | 0.96 (0.57-1.62) | 1.42 (0.95-2.12) | 1.20 (0.69-2.07) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Less than high school | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| High school graduate | 1.01 (0.67-1.54) | 0.94 (0.57-1.55) | 1.00 (0.66-1.52) | 1.07 (0.65-1.74) | 0.79 (0.49-1.29) | 0.85 (0.47-1.53) | 0.95 (0.61-1.47) | 0.88 (0.49-1.56) |
| Some college | 1.22 (0.79-1.86) | 1.10 (0.66-1.82) | 1.26 (0.81-1.95) | 1.23 (0.74-2.05) | 1.07 (0.66-1.74) | 1.09 (0.63-1.86) | 1.23 (0.78-1.95) | 1.05 (0.60-1.84) |
| College grad or higher | 0.92 (0.61-1.39) | 0.85 (0.51-1.43) | 1.41 (0.91-2.17) | 1.59 (1.00-2.54) | 1.38 (0.90-2.12) | 1.53 (0.95-2.46) | 1.08 (0.71-1.64) | 1.04 (0.63-1.74) |
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Married/living as married | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Not married | 0.98 (0.70-1.37) | 0.95 (0.61-1.48) | 1.23 (0.88-1.73) | 1.13 (0.76-1.69) | 1.23 (0.91-1.64) | 1.12 (0.77-1.63) | 1.09 (0.80-1.48) | 1.11 (0.75-1.63) |
| Employment Status | ||||||||
| Employed | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Unemployed | 1.51 (1.01-2.27)* | 1.40 (0.83-2.37) | 0.85 (0.43-1.66) | 0.96 (0.53-1.71) | 0.97 (0.59-1.59) | 0.79 (0.43-1.45) | 1.08 (0.56-2.09) | 1.04 (0.53-2.03) |
| Retired/ homemaker/student | 1.09 (0.75-1.58) | 0.97 (0.61-1.54) | 1.10 (0.76-1.59) | 0.91 (0.57-1.44) | 1.21 (0.83-1.78) | 1.06 (0.68-1.67) | 1.13 (0.80-1.60) | 0.87 (0.55-1.35) |
| Unable to work | 1.03 (0.62-1.72) | 1.37 (0.79-2.39) | 1.21 (0.82-1.79) | 1.44 (0.88-2.34) | 1.00 (0.65-1.53) | 1.23 (0.73-2.07) | 0.99 (0.63-1.55) | 1.33 (0.79-2.23) |
| Annual Household Income | ||||||||
| <$35 000 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| $35 000 < $75 000 | 1.32 (0.91-1.92) | 1.33 (0.84-2.09) | 1.25 (0.88-1.78) | 1.18 (0.74-1.86) | 1.11 (0.79-1.57) | 1.08 (0.70-1.68) | 1.26 (0.86-1.84) | 1.13 (0.69-1.84) |
| $75 000+ | 1.71 (1.07-2.75)* | 1.82 (1.03-3.19)* | 2.16 (1.40-3.33)* | 1.98 (1.13-3.50)* | 1.65 (1.03-2.66)* | 1.59 (0.93-2.71) | 1.71 (1.09-2.67)* | 1.79 (1.03-3.11)* |
| General Health | ||||||||
| Excellent/very good | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Good | 1.19 (0.90-1.57) | 1.17 (0.82-1.67) | 1.16 (0.86-1.56) | 1.26 (0.88-1.80) | 0.95 (0.72-1.25) | 1.08 (0.77-1.51) | 1.07 (0.82-1.39) | 1.06 (0.77-1.45) |
| Fair/poor | 1.20 (0.83-1.73) | 1.13 (0.71-1.79) | 1.15 (0.79-1.69) | 1.14 (0.70-1.87) | 0.99 (0.65-1.51) | 0.97 (0.59-1.62) | 1.13 (0.77-1.65) | 1.05 (0.66-1.70) |
| Cancer History | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.85 (0.64-1.13) | 0.84 (0.58-1.20) | 0.92 (0.66-1.28) | 0.96 (0.67-1.38) | 0.90 (0.62-1.31) | 1.06 (0.71-1.61) | 1.02 (0.72-1.44) | 1.06 (0.72-1.57) |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Chronic Health Conditionsg | ||||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| ≥1 | 1.19 (0.88-1.61) | 1.14 (0.79-1.65) | 1.32 (0.98-1.79) | 1.17 (0.82-1.67) | 1.32 (0.96-1.80) | 1.34 (0.90-2.00) | 1.22 (0.92-1.62) | 1.04 (0.72-1.51) |
| Health Coverage | ||||||||
| Insured | 0.91 (0.60-1.37) | 1.00 (0.60-1.67) | 0.85 (0.57-1.26) | 0.98 (0.61-1.58) | 0.96 (0.67-1.38) | 1.00 (0.64-1.57) | 0.89 (0.61-1.32) | 0.99 (0.61-1.60) |
| Uninsured | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Regular Provider | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.78-1.36) | 0.94 (0.67-1.32) | 1.19 (0.82-1.73) | 1.12 (0.72-1.73) | 1.05 (0.73-1.51) | 0.86 (0.58-1.29) | 0.97 (0.72-1.31) | 0.87 (0.61-1.25) |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Frequency of Provider Visitsh | ||||||||
| 1 | 1.13 (0.71-1.82) | 1.05 (0.62-1.79) | 0.89 (0.61-1.30) | 1.02 (0.70-1.50) | 1.09 (0.77-1.55) | 1.03 (0.67-1.58) | 1.08 (0.73-1.59) | 1.16 (0.73-1.85) |
| 2+ | 1.22 (0.79-1.90) | 1.21 (0.73-2.02) | 0.78 (0.51-1.18) | 0.70 (0.43-1.16) | 0.94 (0.64-1.38) | 0.89 (0.55-1.44) | 0.90 (0.62-1.30) | 0.92 (0.58-1.46) |
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Frequency of Online PHI Accessh | ||||||||
| 1–2 times | 1.90 (1.13-3.18)* | 1.43 (0.71-2.88) | 1.69 (1.21-2.36)* | 1.34 (0.80-2.25) | 1.95 (1.26-3.02)* | 1.58 (0.98-2.57) | 1.62 (1.05-2.53)* | 1.18 (0.65-2.13) |
| 3+ times | 2.90 (2.03-4.13)* | 2.40 (1.31-4.39)* | 2.07 (1.24-3.45)* | 1.63 (0.76-3.50) | 2.31 (1.52-3.50)* | 1.88 (0.96-3.65) | 2.28 (1.52-3.40)* | 2.06 (1.05-4.04)* |
| None | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Perceived Importance of Online PHI Access | ||||||||
| Very important | 4.15 (2.63-6.56)* | 4.54 (2.49-8.27)* | 6.07 (3.74-9.85)* | 6.67 (3.85-11.55)* | 7.77 (4.51-13.38)* | 8.93 (4.79-16.63)* | 5.74 (3.47-9.50)* | 6.82 (3.91-11.93)* |
| Somewhat important | 3.01 (1.90-4.77)* | 3.73 (2.15-6.48)* | 3.58 (2.14-5.97)* | 3.85 (2.14-6.93)* | 3.85 (2.18-6.82)* | 4.44 (2.37-8.33)* | 2.94 (1.65-5.24)* | 3.73 (1.99-6.99)* |
| Not at all important | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Offered Online PHI Access by HCP | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.35 (0.97-1.89) | 1.30 (0.90-1.90) | 1.38 (1.03-1.84)* | 1.55 (1.12-2.14)* | 1.47 (1.06-2.04)* | 1.38 (0.96-1.98) | 1.34 (0.98-1.83) | 1.40 (0.97-2.04) |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Internet User | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.79-1.61) | 1.29 (0.87-1.93) | 0.89 (0.64-1.23) | 0.90 (0.63-1.30) | 0.82 (0.57-1.17) | 0.91 (0.59-1.40) | 0.89 (0.63-1.26) | 0.98 (0.64-1.50) |
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
*Statistically significant P < .05.
aReflects interest in exchanging administrative information.
bReflects interest in exchanging general health or medical information.
cReflects interest in exchanging private information.
dReflects interest in exchanging all 3 types of medical or health information.
eEstimates are based on the entire study population (N = 3677).
fEstimates are based on respondents reporting no online PPC in the last 12 months (n = 2538).
gRefers to diabetes, hypertension, heart conditions (eg, heart attack, angina), chronic lung disease, asthma, arthritis, depression, or anxiety disorder.
hIn the last 12 months.
AOR: adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for all patient-level sociodemographic and health- and Internet-related characteristics); HCP: health care provider; PHI, Personal health information; PPC: patient-provider communication; Ref: reference group; 95% CI: 95% confidence intervals.