Table 3.

Themes derived from stakeholder interviews and focus groups; perspectives by stakeholder group

Stakeholder group	Theme
Patients and Families	1. Access to clinical information, personal notepad, and educational materials is highly valued.
	2. Portal should enhance, not replace, in-person communication with the care team.
Clinician Leaders	3. Appropriate timing for staff to introduce the portal to patients and providing flexible access are critical, because ICU patients are sick and families may be in a state of crisis.
	4. Increased documentation requirements, staffing demands, and training resources need to be resolved to support effective adoption by clinicians.
	5. Nursing staff caring for vulnerable populations may have concerns about identifying information being shared on the portal, requiring collaborative agreements such as only first name and photo will be used.
Policymakers and Administrators	6. Need to promote equitable access to address the “digital divide."
Information Systems Leaders	7. Web-based mobile platforms are ideal with a database architecture that can support real-time data display.
	8. Use of standards facilitates integration with the EHR, but read-only access from the EHR is limiting.
Researchers	9. Pilot testing to refine communication technologies, such as messaging workflows and video-conferencing, is needed.
	10. Demonstration of impact on clinical outcomes is essential to sustain clinical staff engagement during and after pilot stages of investigation.