Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the patients with COVID-19 on the initial admission.
| Clinical characteristics | All patients (n = 676) | Subgroups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-survivals (n = 140) | survivals (n = 536) | P value | |||
| Age, Median (IQR) | 56.0 (39.0–68.0) | 67.0 (57.0–75.0) | 51.0 (36.0–64.0) | <0.01 | |
| Age groups -No./total No. (%) | |||||
| <40 yrs | 175/676 (25.9%) | 5/140 (3.5%) | 170/536 (31.7%) | <0.01 | |
| 40–60 yrs | 208/676 (30.8%) | 37/140 (26.4%) | 171/536 (31.9%) | 0.09 | |
| ≥ 60 yrs | 293/676 (43.3%) | 98/140 (70.0%) | 195/536 (36.3%) | <0.01 | |
| Female sex -No./total No. (%) | 362/676 (53.6%) | 43/140 (30.7%) | 319/536 (59.5%) | <0.01 | |
| Symptoms -No./total No. (%) | |||||
| Fever | 539/676 (79.7%) | 121/140 (86.4%) | 418/536 (78.0%) | 0.027 | |
| Cough | 451/676 (66.7%) | 92/140 (65.7%) | 359/536 (67.0%) | 0.778 | |
| Fatigue | 260/676 (38.5%) | 58/140 (41.4%) | 202/536 (37.7%) | 0.418 | |
| Diarrhea | 55/676 (8.1%) | 9/140 (6.4%) | 46/536 (8.6%) | 0.407 | |
| Underlying disease: | |||||
| Hypertension | 226/676 (33.4%) | 84/140 (60.0%) | 142/536 (26.5%) | <0.01 | |
| Diabetes | 100/676 (14.8%) | 27/140 (19.3%) | 73/536 (13.6%) | 0.09 | |
| Heart disease | 71/676 (10.5%) | 25/140 (17.9%) | 46/536 (8.6%) | 0.01 | |
| Cancer | 33/676 (4.9%) | 16/140 (11.4%) | 17/536 (3.2%) | <0.01 | |
| Radiologic assessments: | |||||
| Mild | 342/660 (51.8%) | 28/129 (21.7%) | 314/531 (59.1%) | <0.01 | |
| Moderate | 143/660 (21.7%) | 16/129 (12.4%) | 127/531 (23.9%) | <0.01 | |
| Severe | 175/660 (26.5%) | 85/129 (65.9%) | 90/531 (16.0%) | <0.01 | |
| laboratory findings: | |||||
| Median PaO2:FIO2 ratio | 3.4 (2.4–5.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 4.0 (2.8–5.2) | <0.01 | |
| WBC, * 10^9/L | 5.0 (3.9–6.7) | 6.5 (4.5–10.3) | 4.87 (3.79–6.20) | 0.006 | |
| >10.0 | 58/676 (8.6%) | 39/140 (27.9%) | 19/536 (3.5%) | <0.01 | |
| <4.0 | 184/676 (27.2%) | 25/140 (17.9%) | 159/536 (29.7%) | <0.01 | |
| Neutrophil count, * 10^9/L | 3.42 (2.30–4.98) | 4.9 (3.2–9.0) | 3.18 (2.25–4.49) | <0.01 | |
| Lymphocyte count, *10^9/L | 1.02 (0.68–1.38) | 0.64 (0.44–0.99) | 1.09 (0.77–1.45) | <0.01 | |
| < 1.5 | 524/676 (77.5%) | 116/140 (82.9%) | 408/536 (76.1%) | 0.09 | |
| Platelet count, *10^9/L | 178.0 (134.0–224.3) | 134.0 (107.5–184.5) | 182.0 (143.0–231.0) | <0.01 | |
| Haemoglobin level, g/dl | 128.0(119.8–140.0) | 126.0 (112.5–138.5) | 129.0 (121.0–140.0) | 0.024 | |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0.53 (0.25–1.21) | 1.55 (0.61–8.88) | 0.44 (0.23–0.91) | <0.01 | |
| ≥ 0.5 | 331/636 (52.0%) | 99/119 (83.2%) | 232/517 (44.9%) | <0.01 | |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.05 (0.45–5.47) | 8.40 (3.80–87.90) | 1.33 (0.34–3.93) | <0.01 | |
| ≥10 | 95/646(14.7%) | 64/127 (50.4%) | 31/519 (6.0%) | <0.01 | |
| PCT, ng/ml | 0.06 (0.04–0.10) | 0.22 (0.08–0.52) | 0.05 (0.04–0.08) | <0.01 | |
| ≥0.5 | 42/606 (6.9%) | 33/119 (27.7%) | 9/487 (1.8%) | <0.01 | |
| LDH, U/L | 194.0 (153.0–273.0) | 377.0 (236.0–512.0) | 182.0 (147.0–235.0) | <0.01 | |
| ≥250 | 191/614 (31.1%) | 93/126 (73.8%) | 98/488 (20.1%) | <0.01 | |
| AST, U/L | 24.0 (17.5–36.2) | 38.0 (28.0–47.1) | 21.3 (17.0–32.3) | <0.01 | |
| >40 | 148/659 (22.5%) | 61/125 (48.8%) | 87/534 (16.3%) | <0.01 | |
| ALT, U/L | 21.0 (13.3–33.8) | 25.2 (16.2–35.5) | 19.7 (13.0–33.7) | 0.64 | |
| CK, U/L | 77.0 (48.0–139.0) | 137.7(64.3–264.0) | 73.2 (45.9–123.4) | <0.01 | |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 65.0 (52.0–78.4) | 78.3 (60.7–106.2) | 63.0 (51.3–75.7) | <0.01 | |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.3–5.5) | 6.4 (4.6–9.1) | 4.0 (3.2–5.0) | <0.01 | |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 8.8 (6.5–12.2) | 11.4 (6.7–15.7) | 8.6 (6.4–11.4) | 0.25 | |
| Interleukin-6, pg/ml | 4.8 (2.3–19.3) | 14.4 (8.8–49.0) | 3.5 (2.2–8.2) | <0.01 | |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PaO2:FIO2 ratio: partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; WBC, white blood cell; D-dimer, Dimerized plasmin fragment D; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alamine aminotransferase; CK, creatinine kinase; P values comparing non-survival cases and survival cases are from χ2 or Fisher’s exact test.