Table 2. Age-adjusted hazard ratios of death by the characteristics of prostate cancer in patients presented at a participating hospital in Central Sudan (n = 453).
| Characteristics | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Primary clinical presentation | ||
| Lower urinary tract symptoms | Reference | 0.017 |
| Bladder outlet obstruction | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | |
| Urine retention | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | |
| Unilateral ureteral obstruction | 2.1 (1.2–3.6) | |
| Bilateral ureteral obstruction | 2.1 (1.2–3.8) | |
| Others | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | |
| Classification | ||
| Organ confined | Reference | 0.017 |
| Locally advanced | 4.9 (0.7–35.2) | |
| Castration resistance | 5.3 (0.7–40.6) | |
| Distant metastasis | 7.2 (1.0–51.7) | |
| Gleason score | ||
| 2–6 | Reference | 0.249 |
| 7 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | |
| 8–10 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | |
| Prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis (ng/mL) | ||
| <4 | Reference | 0.460 |
| 4–20 | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | |
| 21–50 | 1.4 (0.6–3.0) | |
| 51–100 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | |
| 101–200 | 1.7 (0.9–3.5) | |
| >200 | 1.4 (0.6–2.8) | |
| Treatmenta | ||
| Hormonal only | Reference | 0.121 |
| Radiotherapy only | 1.9 (1.0–3.7) | |
| Hormonal + Radiotherapy | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | |
a
One patient reported that chemotherapy was excluded.