Table 1.
Therapies Approved for Infantile and Childhood Atopic Dermatitis
| Class | Drug | Age | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Topical Corticosteroids (TCS) | Desonide gel/foam 0.05% | 3 months and older | Broad anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties |
| Fluocinolone acetonide oil 0.01% | 3 months and older | ||
| Hydrocortisone butyrate cream 0.1% | 3 months and older | ||
| Fluticasone propionate cream/lotion 0.05% | 3 months and older | ||
| Alclometasone dipropionate cream/ointment 0.05% | 1 year and older | ||
| Prednicarbate cream 0.1% | 1 year and older | ||
| Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs) | Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% | 2 years and older | Inhibits T cell activation by blocking the transcription of cytokines |
| Pimecrolimus cream 1% | 2 years and older | ||
| Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% | 16 years and older | ||
| Topical Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) Inhibitors | Crisaborole ointment 2% | 3 months and older | PDE-4 inhibition results in increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which prevents the activation of cytokines |
| Systemic Immunomodulating Agents | Dupilumab | 6 years and older | Inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) cytokine-induced inflammatory responses |
Note: Data from references 32–39, 47, 48, 62, and 85.