Table 2.
Nutritional Status of Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and Time of Sun Exposure (Minutes) of the MHO and MUHO Phenotype Groups According to the HOMA-IR Obesity Phenotype Definition
| HOMA-IR | 1 P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| MHO | MUHO | ||
| (n=54) | (n=178) | ||
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 24.9±8.0 | 21.8±7.9 | 0.011a |
| Deficiency | 17.1±2.7 | 14.5±3.6 | 0.004b |
| (≤20 ng/mL) | 19 (35.2%) | 74 (41.6%) | |
| Time of sun exposure (minutes) | 8.7±2.1 | 8.2±3.4 | 0.514 |
| Insufficiency | 25.7±2.6 | 24.5±2.9 | 0.077 |
| (21–29 ng/mL) | 24 (44.4%) | 78 (43.8%) | |
| Time of sun exposure (minutes) | 8.5±2.4 | 9.1±3.6 | 0.433 |
| Sufficiency | 36.9±6.2 | 34.2±6.4 | 0.257 |
| (≥30 ng/mL) | 11 (20.4%) | 26 (14.6%) | |
| Time of sun exposure (minutes) | 8.4±3.0 | 9.3±4.1 | 0.279 |
| 2 p | 0.525 | ||
Notes: Values are presented as mean±SD or as count (and percentage); Differences between groups were assessed with 1two-independent sample t-test (within each obesity phenotype definition) or 2Chi-square test (within each obesity phenotype definition considering the prevalence of the three vitamin D nutritional status groups); aP<0.05; bP<0.01.
Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; MHO, metabolically healthy obesity; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obesity.