Table 4.
Biochemical and Clinical Parameters of the MHO and MUHO Phenotype Groups According to the HOMA-IR Obesity Phenotype Definition Adjusted for WC
| Variables | HOMA-IR | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MHO | MUHO | ||||||
| Mean±SE | 95% CI | Mean±SE | 95% CI | ||||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 41.8±0.5 | 40.9 | 42.8 | 42.8±0.3 | 42.2 | 43.4 | 0.001b |
| Weight (kg) | 116.5±1.9 | 112.7 | 120.2 | 118.0±1.0 | 116.0 | 120.0 | 0.040a |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 112.7±3.8 | 105.0 | 120.5 | 123.0±2.9 | 117.3 | 128.7 | 0.084 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 48.1±1.7 | 44.7 | 51.5 | 45.6±0.8 | 44.0 | 47.2 | 0.182 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 118.0±9.1 | 99.7 | 136.3 | 182.4±17.7 | 147.4 | 217.3 | 0.151 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.3±1.1 | 86.9 | 91.6 | 105.2±2.2 | 100.8 | 109.6 | 0.002b |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.3±0.5 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.2±0.2 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 0.040a |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 8.0±0.3 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 21.6±0.7 | 20.1 | 23.1 | 0.003b |
| HOMA-IR | 1.7±0.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 5.7±0.3 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 0.004b |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 24.9±1.1 | 22.8 | 27.1 | 21.8±0.6 | 20.6 | 22.9 | 0.020a |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 4.0±0.2 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.8±0.1 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 0.353 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.4±0.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.6±0.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 0.370 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 44.4±2.8 | 38.9 | 50.0 | 42.0±1.1 | 39.7 | 44.2 | 0.467 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.7±0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0±0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.154 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.6±4.3 | 128.7 | 146.2 | 133.5±2.1 | 129.3 | 137.8 | 0.070 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 88.3±3.6 | 81.0 | 95.6 | 85.0±22.0 | 81.7 | 88.2 | 0.067 |
Notes: Values are presented as mean±SE or as count (and percentage); Differences between groups were assessed with ANCOVA; aP<0.05; bP<0.01.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; hs-CRP, high-sensitive c-reactive protein; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; MHO, metabolically healthy obesity; MUHO, metabolically unhealthy obesity; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.